large intestine Flashcards
What is the large intestine and what is its role?
The large intestine (colon) is responsible for the final stages of digestion, including water absorption, processing waste materials, and maintaining a healthy gut microbiome.
What are the sections of the large intestine?
The large intestine is divided into:
Cecum
Colon (Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid)
Rectum
Anus
receives undigested food from the small intestine and begins the process of water absorption. It is connected to the appendix, which may play a role in immune function.
cecum
What are the parts of the colon in the large intestine?
The colon is divided into:
Ascending Colon
Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
stores fecal matter before it is expelled and contains stretch receptors that signal the need for defecation.
The rectum
the opening through which feces are expelled from the body. It consists of two sphincters that control stool passage.
The anus
What are the key functions of the large intestine in digestion?
Absorption of Water & Electrolytes
Formation and Storage of Feces
Maintenance of Gut Microbiota
Production of Mucus
Waste Elimination & Detoxification
How does the large intestine absorb water and electrolytes?
The large intestine reabsorbs water from undigested food and absorbs electrolytes like sodium and potassium, preventing dehydration and maintaining fluid balance.
What is the role of gut microbiota in the large intestine?
Gut microbiota helps break down undigested carbohydrates, produces vitamins B and K, and supports immune function, protecting against harmful bacteria.
How does the large intestine protect the intestinal walls?
The large intestine secretes mucus that lubricates waste and acts as a barrier against harmful bacteria and toxins, helping prevent infections and inflammation.
What is the large intestine’s role in waste elimination?
The large intestine removes waste products and toxins from the body. The defecation reflex ensures waste is expelled efficiently, preventing harmful substances from accumulating.
What are the major functions of the large intestine?
Prevention of Dehydration
Support for Immune System
Regulation of Bowel Movements
Nutrient Absorption
Protection Against Disease
What is constipation and what causes it?
Constipation is infrequent or difficult bowel movements, often caused by a low-fiber diet, dehydration, lack of exercise, or certain medications.
What is diarrhea and what causes it?
Diarrhea is loose or watery stools due to excess water in the intestines, often caused by infections, food poisoning, or digestive disorders.
What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?
IBS is a chronic condition affecting the large intestine’s movement, causing symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation.
What is colorectal cancer and what are its risk factors?
Colorectal cancer is cancer of the colon or rectum, caused by abnormal cell growth. Risk factors include age, genetics, diet, smoking, and lack of physical activity.
What is ulcerative colitis?
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease causing inflammation and ulcers in the colon lining, with symptoms like diarrhea, bleeding, and abdominal pain.
