minerals Flashcards
are essential inorganic elements crucial for animal nutrition. They are vital for functions like growth, development, and overall health but do not provide energy.
Minerals
What are the two groups of minerals?
- Macrominerals (required in larger quantities).
- (Trace Minerals) (required in smaller quantities).
are required in larger quantities (greater than 100 mg/kg feed).
Macrominerals
Examples of macrominerals
Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Sodium, Chloride, Sulfur, Potassium.
are required in smaller quantities (less than 100 mg/kg feed)
microminerals (Trace Minerals)
What is the role of Calcium (Ca) in animals?
Calcium is vital for bones, teeth, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, blood clotting, and hormone regulation.
Diseases: Rickets, Osteomalacia, Milk Fever
Foods: Milk, Cheese, Green Leafy Vegetables
What is the role of Phosphorus (P) in animals?
Phosphorus is essential for bone and tooth structure, energy production, DNA/RNA synthesis, and cellular processes.
Diseases: Rickets, Osteomalacia, Reduced Growth
Foods: Nuts, Seeds, Legumes
What is the role of Magnesium (Mg) in animals?
Magnesium is involved in enzymatic reactions, carbohydrate and fat metabolism, and neuromuscular function.
Disease: Grass Tetany
Foods: Whole Grains, Legumes, Nuts
What is the role of Sodium (Na) and Chloride (Cl) in animals?
Sodium and Chloride maintain fluid balance, acid-base equilibrium, and facilitate nerve and muscle function.
Diseases: Hyponatremia, Hypochloremia
Foods: Table Salt, Cheese, Vegetables (Na); Celery, Tomatoes (Cl)
What is the role of Sulfur (S) in animals?
Sulfur is a component of certain amino acids and plays a role in various metabolic processes.
Diseases: Reduced Growth, Hair Loss, Skin Problems
Foods: Meats, Eggs, Dairy Products
What is the role of Potassium (K) in animals?
Potassium helps maintain fluid balance, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contractions, and enzyme systems.
Diseases: Hypokalemia, Potassium Deficiency
Foods: Bananas, Potatoes, Legumes, Avocados
What is the role of Iron (Fe) in animals?
Iron is essential for oxygen transport (hemoglobin), energy production, and immune function.
Disease: Iron Deficiency Anemia
Foods: Red Meat, Organ Meat, Poultry, Fish
What is the role of Copper (Cu) in animals?
Copper is involved in metabolic reactions, tissue pigmentation, and connective tissue development.
Diseases: Anemia, Skeletal Abnormalities, Reduced Growth
Foods: Organ Meats, Shellfish, Red Meat
What is the role of Zinc (Zn) in animals?
Zinc activates enzymes, plays a key role in cell replication, cartilage, bone development, and protein synthesis.
Diseases: Impaired Immune Function, Skin Problems, Reduced Growth
Foods: Red Meat, Shellfish, Poultry
What is the role of Manganese (Mn) in animals?
Manganese is essential for cartilage development and involved in calcium and carbohydrate metabolism.
Diseases: Skeletal Abnormalities, Reproductive Problems
Foods: Organ Meat, Shellfish, Red Meat
What is the role of Iodine (I) in animals?
Iodine is necessary for thyroid hormone production, regulating metabolism and growth.
Diseases: Hypothyroidism, Goiter
Foods: Seafood, Shellfish
What is the role of Selenium (Se) in animals?
Selenium acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells and supporting thyroid health.
Diseases: Muscle Weakness, Reproductive Problems
Foods: Seafood, Organ Meat, Red Meat
What is the role of Cobalt (Co) in animals?
Cobalt is essential for vitamin B12 synthesis, which is crucial for red blood cell formation.
Diseases: Anemia, Reduced Growth
Foods: Liver, Milk
What is the role of Molybdenum (Mo) in animals?
Molybdenum is involved in sulfur metabolism as a component of certain enzymes.
Diseases: Reduced Growth, Reproductive Problems
Foods: Liver, Milk
What are the roles of minerals in food processing?
- Digestion: Activate enzymes for food breakdown.
- Absorption: Help absorb nutrients like calcium and phosphorus.
- Metabolism: Involved in energy production, protein synthesis, and hormone regulation.
- Structural Support: Essential for bones and teeth.
- Immune Function: Support immune system health (e.g., Zinc, Copper, Selenium).
