reproduction in non-vascular plants

Question 1

are simple plants, like mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, that lack vascular tissues (xylem and phloem). They rely on water for reproduction due to the absence of specialized transport structures.

Answer 1

Non-vascular plants

Question 2

What types of reproduction occur in non-vascular plants?

Answer 2

through sexual and asexual methods

Question 3

non-vascular plants allows them to reproduce without fertilization, ensuring rapid propagation and survival in suitable environments.

Answer 3

asexual reproduction

Question 4

occurs when parts of the plant body break off and grow into new individuals. This process is common in liverworts and mosses when environmental conditions are favorable.

Answer 4

fragmentation

Question 5

involves the development of specialized structures called gemmae inside cup-like structures called gemma cups. These gemmae are dispersed by water and grow into new plants, common in liverworts like Marchantia.

Answer 5

Gemmae formation

Question 6

is the dominant, photosynthetic phase of the life cycle. It produces reproductive organs: archegonia (female, produces eggs) and antheridia (male, produces sperm). Water is needed for sperm to swim to the egg for fertilization.

Answer 6

gametophyte stage

Question 7

grows from the zygote and remains attached to the gametophyte. It produces spores in a structure called the sporangium, which are released and germinate into new gametophytes, continuing the cycle.

Answer 7

sporophyte stage

Question 8

Produces eggs.

Answer 8

Archegonia (female organ)

Question 9

Produces sperm.

Answer 9

Produces sperm.