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Neurobiology > Small Animal Spinal Cord Disorders Part II > Flashcards

Small Animal Spinal Cord Disorders Part II Flashcards

1
Q

in whom are vertebral malformations most common?

A

brachycephalics

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2
Q

where do vertebral malformations most commonly occur?

A

mid thoracic spine

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3
Q

can vertebral malformations be an incidental finding?

A

yes
or cause of clinical signs

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4
Q

why are subarachnoid diverticulums a problem?

A

slowly progressive compressive myelopathy
blocks CSF flow

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5
Q

are subarachnoid diverticulums painful?

A

nonpainful: meninges and spinal nerves not involved

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6
Q

what are the two localizations of subarachnoid diverticulums?

A

T3-L3: small breeds (pugs, frenchies)
C1-T2: large breeds (rottweilers)

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7
Q

who most commonly has atlantoaxial luxations?

A

young toy and small breed dogs

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8
Q

what does atlantoaxial luxation cause?

A

compression of spinal cord

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9
Q

is an atlantoaxial luxation painful?

A

yes

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10
Q

how can an atlantoaxial luxation present?

A

acute or chronic

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11
Q

how aree neoplasias prioritized?

A

based on location within spinal canal

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12
Q

what is hansen type I intervertebral disc disease?

A

intervertebral disc extrusion
chondroid metaplasia and calcification of disc

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13
Q

what can lead to hemorrhage in disc-associated extensive extradural hemorrhage?

A

intervertebral disc extrusion can lacerate the venous sinus during extrusion

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14
Q

what is disc-associated extensive extradural hemorrhage characterized by?

A

rapid progression of clinical signs

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15
Q

what is hansen type II intervertebral disc disease?

A

intervertebral disc protrusion
fibrous metaplasia

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16
Q

what type of injury is hansen type II intervertebral disc disease?

A

chronic compressive spinal cord injury

17
Q

what is “hansen type III”?

A

concussive damage to spinal cord
can result from trauma or exercise

18
Q

what are the three forms of concussive disc herniations?

A

hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion
acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion
intradural-intramedullary intervertebral disc extrusion

19
Q

what does hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion look like on an MRI?

A

hyperintense (normak “fluidy” disc material) material ventral to spinal cord

20
Q

what signs are associated with acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion?

A

asymmetric signs
thoracolumbar spine usually

21
Q

what happens in intradural-intramedullary intervertebral disc extrusion?

A

penetrates the spinal cord

22
Q

how many forms of cervical spondylomyelopathy are there?

A

two

23
Q

who most commonly gets cervical spondylomyelopathy?

A

large breed dogs

24
Q

what breed of dog most commonly gets disc-associated cervical sponylomyelopathy?

A

doberman

25
Q

what is disc-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy secondary to?

A

dynamic disc protrusion and hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum

26
Q

what happens in osseous-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy?

A

hypertrophy of the articular facets and associated ligaments and joint capsule

27
Q

what breed most commonly gets dorsal arch malformations?

A

great dane

28
Q

what happens in degenerative myelopathy?

A

degenerative condition with loss of spinal cord tracts
chronic progressive

29
Q

what breeds most commonly get degenerative myelopathy?

A

boxers
corgis
german shepherds

30
Q

what does atlantoaxial luxation cause?

A

compression of spinal cord
painful

31
Q

what are some degenerative causes of spinal problems?

A

intervertebral disc disease
cervical spondylomyelopathy
degenerative myelopathy

32
Q

why is chondroid meetaplasia and calcification in the disc in hansen type I intervertebral disc disease?

A

loss of normal hydrated and gelatinous properties

33
Q

what dogs can get hansen type I intervertebral disc disease at an early age?

A

chondrodystrophic breeds

34
Q

what does a hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion look like on MRI?

A

“fluidy” disc material ventral to spinal cord

35
Q

how old are most dogs with disc-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy?

A

7-9 years

36
Q

what are the compressions like with disc-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy?

A

ventral compressions mainly C6-C7 and C5-C6
dynamic condition

37
Q

what is the compression like in osseous-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy?

A

lateral and dorso-lateral
low cervical compressions more common

Neurobiology (28 decks)

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