Small Animal Spinal Cord Disorders Part II Flashcards
in whom are vertebral malformations most common?
brachycephalics
where do vertebral malformations most commonly occur?
mid thoracic spine
can vertebral malformations be an incidental finding?
yes
or cause of clinical signs
why are subarachnoid diverticulums a problem?
slowly progressive compressive myelopathy
blocks CSF flow
are subarachnoid diverticulums painful?
nonpainful: meninges and spinal nerves not involved
what are the two localizations of subarachnoid diverticulums?
T3-L3: small breeds (pugs, frenchies)
C1-T2: large breeds (rottweilers)
who most commonly has atlantoaxial luxations?
young toy and small breed dogs
what does atlantoaxial luxation cause?
compression of spinal cord
is an atlantoaxial luxation painful?
yes
how can an atlantoaxial luxation present?
acute or chronic
how aree neoplasias prioritized?
based on location within spinal canal
what is hansen type I intervertebral disc disease?
intervertebral disc extrusion
chondroid metaplasia and calcification of disc
what can lead to hemorrhage in disc-associated extensive extradural hemorrhage?
intervertebral disc extrusion can lacerate the venous sinus during extrusion
what is disc-associated extensive extradural hemorrhage characterized by?
rapid progression of clinical signs
what is hansen type II intervertebral disc disease?
intervertebral disc protrusion
fibrous metaplasia
what type of injury is hansen type II intervertebral disc disease?
chronic compressive spinal cord injury
what is “hansen type III”?
concussive damage to spinal cord
can result from trauma or exercise
what are the three forms of concussive disc herniations?
hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion
acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion
intradural-intramedullary intervertebral disc extrusion
what does hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion look like on an MRI?
hyperintense (normak “fluidy” disc material) material ventral to spinal cord
what signs are associated with acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion?
asymmetric signs
thoracolumbar spine usually
what happens in intradural-intramedullary intervertebral disc extrusion?
penetrates the spinal cord
how many forms of cervical spondylomyelopathy are there?
two
who most commonly gets cervical spondylomyelopathy?
large breed dogs
what breed of dog most commonly gets disc-associated cervical sponylomyelopathy?
doberman
what is disc-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy secondary to?
dynamic disc protrusion and hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum
what happens in osseous-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy?
hypertrophy of the articular facets and associated ligaments and joint capsule
what breed most commonly gets dorsal arch malformations?
great dane
what happens in degenerative myelopathy?
degenerative condition with loss of spinal cord tracts
chronic progressive
what breeds most commonly get degenerative myelopathy?
boxers
corgis
german shepherds
what does atlantoaxial luxation cause?
compression of spinal cord
painful
what are some degenerative causes of spinal problems?
intervertebral disc disease
cervical spondylomyelopathy
degenerative myelopathy
why is chondroid meetaplasia and calcification in the disc in hansen type I intervertebral disc disease?
loss of normal hydrated and gelatinous properties
what dogs can get hansen type I intervertebral disc disease at an early age?
chondrodystrophic breeds
what does a hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion look like on MRI?
“fluidy” disc material ventral to spinal cord
how old are most dogs with disc-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy?
7-9 years
what are the compressions like with disc-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy?
ventral compressions mainly C6-C7 and C5-C6
dynamic condition
what is the compression like in osseous-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy?
lateral and dorso-lateral
low cervical compressions more common
