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Neurobiology > Multifocal and Diffuse Brain Disorders > Flashcards

Multifocal and Diffuse Brain Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what can be the etiologies of multifocal and diffuse brain disorders?

A

infectious and inflammatory
degenerative conditions
poly-trauma
metabolic and toxic

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2
Q

what are some species with low susceptibility to rabies?

A

birds
opossums

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3
Q

what is the path of infection of rabies?

A

retrograde intra-axonal flow
virus replication in spinal cord
virus replication in brain
virus spreads centrifugally through peripheral nerves and reaches salivary glands

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4
Q

what does the incubation time of rabies depend on?

A

length of nerve
travel time via retrograde axonoplasmatic flow

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5
Q

what are the clinical signs of the prodromal phase of rabies?

A

variable fever
licking site of inoculation due to sensory dysfunction
nervousness
agitation
searching for solitude
dilated pupils

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6
Q

what is the survival time of a dog with rabies after onset of clinical signs?

A

3-8 days
median 4 days

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7
Q

what clinical signs are associated with the dumb or paralytic form of rabies?

A

lower motor neuron paralysis
cranial nerves affected first, dropped jaw, swallowing dysfunction
coma

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8
Q

how can you diagnose rabies?

A

fast progressive, symmetrical neurological signs
histopathology
tests

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9
Q

how does a dog get inoculated with distemper?

A

respiratory tract

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10
Q

what are some extra neural signs associated with distemper?

A

fever
conjunctivitis
pneumonia
diarrhea
hyperkeratosis
retinitis
cachexia

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11
Q

why is there a wide variety of clinical signs with distemper?

A

diffuse nature

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12
Q

can distemper affect the gray or white matter?

A

either: depends on age of dog

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13
Q

is there proven therapy for myoclonus from distemper?

A

no

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14
Q

how many cats with feline infectious peritonitis are showing CNS involvement?

A

30%

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15
Q

what are the three forms of feline infectious peritonitis?

A

effusive form
dry form
combined form

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16
Q

what are the therapy options for feline infectious peritonitis?

A

prednisone with temporary disease control
antiviral medications in clinical trials
anticonvulsive medication

17
Q

what are some types of meningoencephalitis of unknown origin?

A

necrotizing meningoencephalitis
necrotizing encephalitis
granulomatous meningoencephalitis

18
Q

what are the two forms of necrotizing meningoencephalitis?

A

acute
chronic

19
Q

who is more affected by granulomatous meningoencephalitis?

A

middle aged dogs
small breeds more affected
higher prevalence in females

20
Q

in whom is necrotizing encephalitis and necrotizing leukoencephalitis described mainly in?

A

yorkshire terriers

21
Q

what is the most likely etiology of steroid responsive mengitis arteritis?

A

immune mediated

22
Q

how can you diagnose steroid responsive meningitis arteritis?

A

signalement and clinical signs
CSF
C reactive protein
rule out infectious disorders
in some dogs: joint tap and MRI

23
Q

what treatment options are there for most of the immune-mediated CNS disorders?

A

prednisone
immuno-modulating therapy

24
Q

what is the average incubation time of rabies in dogs and cats?

A

dogs: 3-8 weeks
cats: 4-6 weeks

25
Q

what are the signs in the prodromal phase of rabies?

A

variable fever
licking site of inoculation due to sensory dysfunction
nervousness
agitation
searching for solitude
dilated pupils

26
Q

what are negri bodies?

A

filamentous ribonucleoproteins
found on histopathology with rabies

27
Q

what is the treatment for distemper?

A

glucocorticoids
prophylactic seizure medications at onset of systemic signs

28
Q

what is the vaccination protocol for distemper?

A

every 3-4 weeks between 6-16 weeks of life
every 3 years thereafter

29
Q

what is the furious form of rabies like?

A

salivation
irritable, biting, vicious
photophobic
disorientation
changes in mental status
ataxia, may progress to tetraplegia
grand mal seizure

30
Q

is myoclonus common in encephalomyelitis in young dogs or old dogs with distemper?

A

young dogs

31
Q

can encephalitis happen post distemper vaccine?

A

yes

32
Q

what are the types of meningitis of unknown origin?

A

steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis
idiopathic pachymeningitis of greyhounds

33
Q

what are the lesions like in necrotizing encephalitis and necrotizing leukoencephalitis?

A

large, focal, asymmetric necrosis, cyst formation
severe inflammation surrounding necrotic areas
mostly white matter
meninges mostly spared
mid brain, brainstem, cerebellum

Neurobiology (28 decks)

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