Localization of Neurological Deficits Flashcards
what is the goal of localization?
assign the findings of the neurological examination to an area of the nervous system
what are some syndromes of the lower motor neuron system?
myopathic syndrome
neuropathic syndrome
what are the clinical signs associated with myopathic syndrome?
generalized weakness
reduced muscle tone
reduced spinal reflexes
exercise intolerance
what are some syndromes of the brain?
pontomedullary syndrome
midbrain syndrome
cerebellar syndrome
diencephalic syndrome
cerebral syndrome
what are the important structures in the brain?
brainstem
cerebellum
forebrain
central vestibular system
is gait normal or abnormal with a forebrain lesion?
normal
what makes up the peripheral vestibular system?
semicircular ducts
sacculus, utriculus
vestibulocochlear nerve
out of the menace response, cranial nerves, gait, and proprioception, what is abnormal in a forebrain lesion?
menace response
proprioception
is proprioception abnormal with central vestibular disease or peripheral?
central
are acute or chronic lesions easier to localize?
acute lesions
why are chronic lesions more difficult to localize?
compensation or plasticity
what are the clinical signs associated with neuropathic syndrome?
generalized weakness
abnormal postural reactions
reduced reflexes and muscle tone
fast progressing muscle atrophy
what signs are associated with a cauda equina lesion?
open anus
flaccid tail
what are the signs with pontomedullary syndrome?
dullness, stupor, coma
ataxia
cranial nerve deficits
out of lesions in the forebrain, brain stem, and cerebellum, when is gait normal?
forebrain
