Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VTNE PREPARATION > Small Animal Nursing > Flashcards

Small Animal Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

Normal fluid loss occurs in 3 ways:

A

Excretion, respiration, sweating/milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Abnormal fluid loss can occur in 4 ways

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, panting, polyuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Normal urine production is _______/kg/hour

A

1-2ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Semi-dry mucus membranes and a mild loss of skin tugor means the animal is ___% dehydrated

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Moderate loss in skin tugor, dry mucus membranes, weak or rapid pulse, sunken eyes mean the animal is ___% dehydrated

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What symptoms accompany severe/10% dehydration?

A

Tachycardia, tacky mucus membranes, weak pulse, hypotension, altered state of consciousness, severe sunken eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most commonly used type of fluid for replenishing interstitial deficits?

A

Isotonic crystalloid (LRS, Plasmalyte, Normosol-R)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give an eample of a hypotonic crystalloid fluid solution

A

5% Dextrose in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give an example of a hypertonic crystalloid fluid solution

A

7% Hypertonic Saline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A Colloid fluid is a solution containing ___ or ___ molecules. What is its purpose?

A

protein or starch. to remain in the intravascular space and expand its volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name 3 situations when you would use a Colloid fluid solution

A

When crystalloids are not effectively improving blood volume; large patients, emergency surgery, large fluid loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give an eample of a synthetic colloid fluid solution

A

Hetastarch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give an example of a natural colloid fluid solution

A

Plasma or albumin solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

For hypovolemic, shock, or severely dehydrated patients _____ fluids should be administered at ______ml/kg IV for cats and _____ml/kg IV for dogs

A

Isotonic crystalloids. 50ml/kg for cats and 80ml/kg dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When an animal is in shock, calculate the shock dose and give them ___% bolus

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you calculate the replacement fluid amount needed for a dehydrated animal?

A

%dehydration x bodyweight (kg) x 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you calculate the daily fluid requirement for an animal with dehydration?

A

replacement + maintenance + ongoing losses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Maintenance fluids for cats and dogs are:

A

Cats: 2-3ml/kg/hour
Dogs: 2-6ml/kg/hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why would we not use LRS as maintenance fluids?

A

Maintenance fluids are indicated for patients not eating/drinking and LRS contins more sodium and less potassium than the patient requires

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are 4 existing conditions that would contraindicate the use of fluid therapy?

A

Pulmonary contusions, pulmonary edema, brain injury or congestive heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some clinical signs of fluid overload?

A

hyperventilation, weight gain, increased lung sounds with cracks and wheezes, edema of conjunctiva, pitting edema

22
Q

When it comes to canine blood types, what does DEA Stand for?

A

Dog erythrocyte antigen

23
Q

There are 6 canine blood types:

A 
DEA 1.1
DEA 1.2
DEA 3
DEA 4
DEA 5
DEA 7
24
Q

What is the most common canine blood type? What does this mean?

A

DEA 4. Universal donor/recipient.

25
Q

To donate blood, a dog must weigh _____ and be between 1 and 7 years old

A

55lb (25kg)

26
Q

How long post-vaccination can dogs donate blood?

A

11-12 days

27
Q

A maximum of ____ml can be collected from a dog once every 4-5 weeks

A

450 ml

28
Q

What are the 3 feline blood types?

A

A
B
AB

29
Q

The most common feline blood type is:

A

A

30
Q

Most purebred felines have the blood type:

A

B

31
Q

Why is there no feline universal blood type donor?

A

Cats have naturally occuring alloantibodies against any blood-type they dont have

32
Q

Cats with type A blood can receive A blood, and cats with type B blood can receive B blood. What blood type can cats with AB blood type receive?

A

Either A or B type

33
Q

Cats must weigh ______ to donate blood and be less than 8 years of age

A

10lb (4.5kg)

34
Q

A feline donor may provide ______ml of blood every 4-5 weeks

A

70ml

35
Q

Initial administration of blood products should be slow, _____ml/kg for the first 20 minutes to gauge reaction

A

0.25

36
Q

If there is no signs of reaction, the blood administration can continue at the rate of ___ml/kg/hour

A

5-10

37
Q

A key indicator of delayed blood transfusion reaction is a drop in _____, 2-21 days post-transfusion

A

PCV

38
Q

What are the 4 phases of wound healing

A

Inflammatory, debridement, repair, maturation

39
Q

Describe the inflammatory phase of wound healing

A

Occurs immediately after injury. Vasoconstriction to control hemorrhage and produce a clot. Scab formation begins.

40
Q

Describe the debridement phase of wound healing

A

Begins about 6 hours after injury. Neutrophils and monocytes travel to the site to remove foreign material, bacteria and necrotic tissue. Exudate is formed from fluid and WBCs

41
Q

Describe the repair phase of wound healing.

A

Begins 3-5 days post-injury. Fibroblasts produce collagen that will eventually become scar tissue and strenghten wound. Granulation tissue starts to appear after new capillaries, fibroblasts and fibrous tissue are made.

42
Q

Wound contraction (shrinking of the size of the wound) occurs how long post-injury?

A

5-9 days

43
Q

Describe the maturation phase of wound healing

A

Wound strength increases to maximum level

44
Q

Small lacerations that heal via noncomplicated healing are categorized as _____ healing

A

Primary or First-intention

45
Q

______ is recommended for cleaning the outer edges of a wound

A

Chlorhexidine

46
Q

What is a thymoma?

a) Benign tumor on hypothalmus
b) Malignant tumor near thyroid cartilage
c) Malignant tumor of thymus
d) Benign tumor of tongue

A

B

47
Q

5 stages of grief:

A
  1. Denial
  2. Bargaining
  3. Anger
  4. Depression
  5. Acceptance
48
Q

SQ fluids are contraindicated when:

a) Evidence of mild dehydration is present
b) Patient needs Dextrose
c) Patient is very small
d) There is evidence of chronic heart failure

A

B: Dextrose cannot be given SQ

49
Q

Hypotonic crystallid is used to:

a) Decrease edema
b) add protein to blood
c) decrease interstitial volume
d) increase intravascular volume

A

D

50
Q

The amount of Normosol-R replacement fluid for a 35.6kg dog who is 8% dehydrated would be calculated as:

a) 2920ml
b) 292 ml
c) 1825 ml
d) 365ml

A

A

51
Q

Gonioscopy is:

a) Using an ophthalmascope and magnification lens to examine the iris angle and anterior chamber
b) examination for KCS and neoplasm
c) A term used to describe examination of the trachea
d) Insertion of a tube through the nasal passage entering the esophagus

A

A

52
Q

The etiology of Ringworm is:

a) Staph, Strep or Pasturella
b) Otodectes
c) Microsporum, Trichophyton
d) Malessezia

A

C

VTNE PREPARATION (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions