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VTNE PREPARATION > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

“The relationship between a drug’s ability to achieve the desired effect compared with its tendency to produce toxic effects” is the defintiion for what term?

A

Therapeutic index

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2
Q

What is LD50? ED50?

A

Lethal Dose in 50% of animals in a trial. Effective dose in 50% of animals in a trial

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3
Q

Antibiotics work via one of 5 mechanisms:

A
  1. Disruption of development of cell wall (penicilin)
  2. Damaging cell membrane (Polymyxins)
  3. Interference with protein synthesis (Tetracyclines)
  4. Inhibition of nucleic acid production (Enrofloxacin)
  5. Disruption of microbial metabolic activity (Sulfa drugs)
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4
Q

Gentamicin and Tobramycin are examples of what category of antimicrobials?

A

Aminoglycosides

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5
Q

Cefazolin is a ____ generation Cephalosporin

A

first

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6
Q

Enrofloxacin should be avoided in animals with compromised ____ systems

A

renal

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7
Q

Why is Chloramphenicol banned by the FDA to give to food animals?

A

It can cause aplastic anemia in humans

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8
Q

Metronidazole is a ________ drug and may be neurotoxic at higher doses

A

antiprotozoal

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9
Q

What 2 things can happen if Acetaminophen is given to cats?

A

Liver damage and methemoglobinemia

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10
Q

Carprofen has been known to cause adverse reactions in the dog breed _______

A

labs

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11
Q

Why are Deramaxx, Previcox and Meloxicam such good choices as NSAIDs?

A

They are COX-1 (Good COX) sparing

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12
Q

Torbugesic is a trade name for which drug?

A

Butorphanol

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13
Q

Most NSAIDs work by blocking _____ production from within the inflammatory process

A

Prostaglandin

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14
Q

Why can cats not have many NSAIDs?

A

They lack the ability to metabolzie them

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15
Q

What is the number one adverse effect associated with Dexmedetomidine (Dedomitor)?

A

Bradycardia

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16
Q

Which drug is often used to stop status epilepticus?

A

Pentobarbital

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17
Q

Metoclopramide stimulates the _____ system

A

GI

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18
Q

What is a large disadvantage of Digoxin? (inotropic cardiovascular drug)

A

Toxic and therpeutic doses may overlap

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19
Q

Epinephrine is a ______ drug and is used as an emergency drug during cardiac arrest

A

adrenergic

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20
Q

Atropine is in the category ________ of cardio drugs and is used for cardiac support in emergencies

A

anticholinergic

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21
Q

An anticholinergic that is not suitable for emergency use is:

A

Glycopyrrolate

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22
Q

Atenolol, Propranolol, Metoprolol are all types of ________ cardio drugs

A

Beta Blockers

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23
Q

What is an ACE inhibitor? Give an example

A

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor. Benazapril

24
Q

Nitroglycerin and Hydralazine are both examples of ______ cardiac drugs and should be used in caution with patients with renal disease

A

vasodilators

25
Q

______ is a local anesthetic that is also used as an antiarrhythmic

A

lidocaine

26
Q

Lasix is the trade name for what Diuretic cardiac drug?

A

Furosemide

27
Q

In a patient with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC), ______ can be given SQ as an anticoagulant

A

Heparin

28
Q

Diuretics work by:

A

Creating an osmotic force in the renal tubules, thus drawing in water and increasing urine output. This decreases cardiac workload

29
Q

How to Positive Inotropes and Catecholamines work?

A

By increasing the strength of the contraction of the heart.

30
Q

How do vasodilators improve cardiac function?

A

By expanding the diameter of the blood vessels, the blood can flow easier which reduces the workload of the heart

31
Q

Name 2 opioids that are also used as antitussives (to suppress cough)

A

Butorphanol and hydrocodone

32
Q

Albuterol is sold under the common trade name ______ and is a bronchodilator

A

Ventolin

33
Q

Benadryl is the trade name for what antihistamine?

A

Diphenhydramine

34
Q

Mucomyst is a trade name for Acetylcysteine and is considered a _______ category of respiratory drug. How is it commonly administered?

A

Mucolytic. Nebulization

35
Q

The drug of choice for respiratory stimulation of neonates is:

A

Doxapram

36
Q

When inflammation of the airway is severe, ________ drugs are administered

A

corticosteroid

37
Q

Apomorphine induces vomiting, how?

A

By stimulating the vomiting center in the central nervous system

38
Q

Syrup of ipecac and hydrogen peroxide are different types of emetics, how do they work?

A

They irritate the GI tract

39
Q

A dog with gastrointestinal upset is put on a regimen of Chlorpromazine (trade name Thorazine). The owner calls the next day to say the dog’s urine is brown. Is this an emergency?

A

This is a normal side effect ofthis medication

40
Q

Maropitant citrate is commonly used for animals experiencing acute vomiting. What is it’s trade name?

A

cerenia

41
Q

Famotidine is used as:

A

An antiulcer, it coats the stomach

42
Q

How does Sulcrafate work to treat gastric ulcers?

A

Forms a protective barrier at the site

43
Q

When is Metoclopramide contraindicated to increase GI motility?

A

If a GI obstruction is suspected

44
Q

Which miscellaneous GI drug is used to increase the flow of bile?

A

Ursodiol

45
Q

How does the antacid Omeprazole work?

A

It is a proton pump inhibitor that prevents Hydrogen ions from being pumped into the stomach, reducing irritation

46
Q

Heartgard is the trade name for what common antiparasitic?

A

Ivermectin

47
Q

What is the best treatment for tapeworms?

A

Praziquantel (Droncit or Drontal)

48
Q

Fludrocortisone (Florinef) is a mineralcorticoid for treatment of:

A

hypoadrenocorticism

49
Q

Why is it important for the concentration of Insulin (U-100 or U-40) to match the syringe its administered in?

A

If U-100 Insulin is measured in a U-40 syringe, the animal will receive an overdose that is 2.5x the desired dose

50
Q

_______ stimulate an animal’s immune ystem by introducing an antigen derived from pathogenic agents, encouraing an increased immunoresponse

A

Vaccines

51
Q

What Mucolytic drug can actually be used to treat acetaminophen toxicity?

A

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

52
Q

Atipamezole (Antisedan) is used to reverse what drug?

A

Dexmedetomidine (Dexdomitor)

53
Q

Opioid analgesics work by:

a) blocking pain signals in brain
b) preventing pain signal from reaching spinal cord
c) reducing inflammation in tissues
d) anesthetising patient

A

A

54
Q

Prednisone should NOT be given with:

a) midazolam
b) diphenhydramine
c) Famotidine
d) Meloxicam

A

D: Corticosteroids and NSAIDs should not be given concurrently because of the increase in adverse effects

55
Q

Which of the following is a CNS stimulant?

a) Dopamine
b) Dobutamine
c) Dexmedetomidine
d) Doxapram

A

D

56
Q

Which is an antiemetic?

a) Ranitidine
b) Chlorpromazine
c) Morphine
d) Amlodipine

A

B: phenothiazine with antiemetic properties

VTNE PREPARATION (20 decks)

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