Small and Large Animal Zoonoses Flashcards
what are the common modes of transmission of zoonotic disease
- aerosol
- bite wounds
- direct contact
- vectors
- needle sticks
- fecal oral
what is a significant risk factor for zoonotic disease
immunocompromised
- young
- elderly
- pregnant
- transplant recipients
- chemotherapy
- HIV infected
what are the common small animal zoonotic diseases
- cowpox
- staphylococcus
- pasteurella
- capnocytophaga
- bartonella
- plague
- tularemia
- leptospirosis
- psittacosis
- toxoplasma gondii
- Q fever
- sporotrichosis
- brucella canis
what percentage of cat bite wounds become infected
50% - can lead to ST infections, lymphadenopathy, arthritis, bacteremia, osteomyelitis, meningitis, endocarditis
what pathogens are the most common causes of cat bite wound infections
pasteurella
capnocytophaga
can staph aureus spread from humans to animals
yes - commensal in humans but not in dogs and cats
what gene confers methicillin resistance to staph species
mec A gene
alters the penicillin binding protein leading to resistance to all beta lactams
what defines multi drug resistance
resistance to 3+ classes of antimicrobials
is subclinical infection with bartonella common in cats
yes - assume all cats are carriers of bartonella
- seropositive - don’t use serology to diagnose in cats
can also be associated with cardiovascular disease
peliosis hepatis
abnormal vascular dilations in hepatic vessels
commonly seen in dogs and humans infected with bartonella
what is pneumonic plague
cat gets infected by a flea –> develops pneumonia –> coughing –> aerosol transmission to humans
what isolation precautions should be taken to prevent the spread of small animal zoonotic diseases
- N95 masks: plague, tularemia, chlamydiosis, brucellosis, coxiellosis, mycobacterium Tb
- keep children and pregnant women away from suspected hosts
what lepto serovar are dogs a reservoir host for
L. canicola
dogs are reservoirs BUT still get sick from disease
what lepto serovars are the most common cause of disease in companion animals and humans
L. interrogans and L. kirschneri
reservoir hosts are wildlife
does lepto have high environmental resistance
no - requires specific conditions to survive in the environment
