Salmonella

Question 1

what family is salmonella a part of

Answer 1

enterobacteriales

Question 2

what are the species of salmonella

Answer 2

1. s. enterica
2. s. bongori

many subspecies based on O and H antigen

Question 3

what are the antigens that cause a strong innate response to salmonella

Answer 3

O: saccharide repeat of LPS
H: flagellin

Question 4

host restricted salmonella

Answer 4

causes severe systemic disease (septicemia) in a single host species

Question 5

host adapted salmonella

Answer 5

causes systemic infections in a small number of hosts

causes some disease in other species

Question 6

host generalist salmonella

Answer 6

causes acute gastroenteritis in diverse hosts

Question 7

healthy adult susceptibility

Answer 7

tend to get gastroenteritis from salmonella

Question 8

infant susceptibility

Answer 8

tend to get systemic infections (foals and calves)

Question 9

immunocompromised host susceptibility

Answer 9

tend to get systemic infections

Question 10

transmission of salmonella

Answer 10

fecal oral

Question 11

salmonella reservoirs

Answer 11

livestock
birds
rodents
reptiles

Question 12

reptiles as reservoirs for salmonella

Answer 12

major carriers of both species of salmonella

do not often get clinical disease
disease is not eliminated by antibiotics

Question 13

salmonella virulence factors

Answer 13

pathogenicity islands (groups of genes that contribute to virulence)

molecular syringes

Question 14

molecular syringes

Answer 14

needle complex that pokes through the host epithelial cell membrane to inject pathogenic proteins

Question 15

SPI-1

Answer 15

pathogenicity island used for invasion
- allows bacteria to enter a cell

induced by pH change to express Prg I –> injects proteins into host cell –> alters signaling pathways, re-organizes cytoskeleton, and induces uptake of bacteria

Question 16

SPI-2

Answer 16

pathogenicity island used for survival within macrophages
- modifies the cell to meet the bacteria’s need

Question 17

what immune module does salmonella induce

Answer 17

Th17: during extracellular phase (in intestines)
Th1: during intra-macrophage phase

Question 18

can a raw food diet be a predisposing factor for salmonella

Answer 18

yes - often spread in raw meat/eggs

Question 19

what is the clinical presentation of a salmonella infection

Answer 19

highly variable

can range from subclinical shedding to intermittent diarrhea to septic shock

Question 20

what does the clinical manifestation of salmonella depend on

Answer 20

host and pathogen factors

Question 21

what host factors can increase the risk of developing salmonella

Answer 21

immunosuppression

administering immunosuppressive drugs can often cause acute salmonellosis signs

Question 22

what is the ideal antibiotic for salmonella

Answer 22

enrofloxacin IV

fluoroquinolones are able to go intracellularly

Question 23

should antibiotic treatment be used in clinical, subclinical, or both cases

Answer 23

clinical cases only

does NOT include uncomplicated diarrhea - will be self-limiting