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VET 413: Infectious Disease/Immunology > Mycobacterium > Flashcards

Mycobacterium Flashcards

1
Q

are mycobacterium aerobic or anaerobic

A

aerobic

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2
Q

are mycobacterium intracellular or extracellular

A

facultative intracellular

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3
Q

do mycobacterium form spores

A

no

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4
Q

what morphology are mycobacterium

A

rods

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5
Q

are mycobacterium gram positive or negative

A

positive

have thick peptidoglycan layer and no cell membrane
- does have mycomembrane

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6
Q

are mycobacterium acid-fast positive or negative

A

positive - have mycotic acid in cell wall

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7
Q

mycobacterium cell wall

A

lipids, glycolipids, peptidoglycans, mycolic acid

allows for survival within macrophages

increases susceptibility to bacteriophages

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8
Q

how do mycobacterium differ in growth patterns

A
  • speed: slow, rapid, or unable to grow in media
  • pigment
  • temperature requirement
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9
Q

how do mycobacterium cause disease

A

tuberculosis, paratuberculosis, granulomatous diseases

can be tuberculous or non-tuberculous

can cause focal or disseminated disease

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10
Q

tuberculosis

A

chronic granulomatous disease caused by a M. tuberculosis complex
- usually M. tuberculosis and M. bovis

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11
Q

reservoir of tuberculosis

A

tuberculous individuals
(humans, cattle, wild mammals, chickens, birds)

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12
Q

transmission of tuberculosis

A

respiratory and ingestion

highest incidence in high density areas

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13
Q

pathogenesis of tuberculosis

A
  1. enters through respiratory or oral tract
  2. replicates locally
  3. gets taken up by macrophages
  4. survives and replicates in macrophages
  5. forms granulomas from cell-mediated immune response
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14
Q

what happens if there fails to be a cell-mediated response

A

disseminating inflammatory disease throughout the body

need cell response to wall off the mycobacterium in a granuloma

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15
Q

clinical signs of tuberculosis

A
  • rapid progressing but NOT an acute presentation (chronic disease)
  • debilitating illness from cytokine release

emaciation, erratic appetite, irregular low fever, enlarged LNs, cough, diarrhea

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16
Q

immunization for tuberculosis

A

live attenuated vaccine
- induces stronger cell mediated immune response

should be avoided in animals in areas trying to eradicate TB because can cause false positive mycobacterium tests

17
Q

diagnosis for tuberculosis

A

sample collection: tracheobronchial or gastric lavage, LN aspirates, urine/feces
- will be acid-fast positive

type IV hypersensitivity test: delayed response to tuberculin injection SQ, conjunctival, or intradermal
- positive test indicates past or present infection

18
Q

what strain of mycobacterium most commonly causes tuberculosis in ruminants

A

M. bovis

19
Q

what strain of mycobacterium most commonly causes tuberculosis in dogs/cats

A

M. bovis

M. tuberculosis can be anthropozoonotic

20
Q

what strain of mycobacterium most commonly causes tuberculosis in primates

A

M tuberculosis: from respiration

M bovis: from ingestion

21
Q

what strain of mycobacterium most commonly causes tuberculosis in birds

A

M. avium

22
Q

Johne’s disease

A

chronic, irreversible wasting disease in ruminants

caused by M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis

23
Q

is Johne’s disease reportable

A

yes

24
Q

reservoir for Johne’s disease

A

ruminants and rabbits

symptomatic and asymptomatic, wild and domestic

25
Q

transmission of Johne’s disease

A

ingestion or contact with contaminated feces

in utero infection from colostrum or milk

26
Q

clinical signs of Johne’s disease

A

chronic weight loss and diarrhea with normal appetite and temperature

progresses to fatality

27
Q

lesions of Johne’s disease

A

permanent transverse corrugation of intestinal mucosa
- granulomatous inflammation within lamina propria and submucosa

enlarged LNs

28
Q

immunization for Johne’s disease

A

reduces losses but antibodies are not protective

29
Q

diagnosis of Johne’s disease

A

sample collection: ileocecal area
- acid-fast positive
- slow growing

molecular diagnosis
- PCR
- faster

30
Q

atypical mycobacteriosis

A

chronic wasting condition caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria

mammals, fish, frogs, snakes, turtles

zoonotic - “fish handler’s disease”

VET 413: Infectious Disease/Immunology (38 decks)

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