SM_07b: Functional and Clinical Anatomy of the Neck Flashcards
Components of the cartilaginous skeleton of the larynx include ____, ____, and ____
Components of the cartilaginous skeleton of the larynx include thyrohyoid membrane, arytenoid cartilages on cricoid, and cricothyroid membrane
Vocal cords extend from ____ to ____
Vocal cords extend from arytenoid to thyroid cartilage
Atlas is ___
Atlas is C1
- No centrum (body)
- Widest cervical vertebra
- Articulates with occipital condyles
Axis is ___
Axis is C2
(has odontoid process / dens - functions as body of C1 by development)
Motion at the atlanto-occipital joint is ___
Motion at the atlanto-occipital joint is flexion/extension
Motion at atlanto-axial joint is ____
Motion at atlanto-axial joint is rotation
Describe the cervical ligaments
Cervical ligaments
- Dura mater adherent to bone
- Tectorial membrane deep to dura
- Alar “check” ligaments from dens to occipital bone to check rotation
- Cruciate ligamentes holding dens against atlas
Tectorial membrane continues as ____
Tectorial membrane continues as posterior longitudinal ligament
Sternocleidomastoid muscle functions to ____, ____, ____, and ____
Sternocleidomastoid muscle functions to flex intervertebral joints, laterally bend the neck, rotate to the opposite side, and extend atlanto-occipital joint
Torticollis is ____
Torticollis is greater muscle tone or fibrosis (shortening) in one sternocleidomastoid muscle
(head is in configuration of combined actions of one muscle - neck flexed, laterally bent, and rotated to the opposite side)
Trapezius functions to ____, ____, and ____
Trapezius functions to extend the neck, laterally bends the neck, and rotates to the opposite side
Inferior oblique passes from the spine of the axis to the transverse process of the atlas and functions to _____
Inferior oblique passes from the spine of the axis to the transverse process of the atlas and functions to monitor the position of the head
Anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles function to ____, ____, and ____
Anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles function to laterally bend the neck, rotate it to the opposite side, and help raise the rib cage
____ and ____ pass behind the anterior scalene, while the ____ and ____ pass in front of the anterior scalene
Brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass behind the anterior scalene, while the subclavian vein and phrenic nerve pass in front of the anterior scalene
Scalenus anticus syndrome is ____
Scalenus anticus syndrome is compression of the brachial plexus and/or subclavian artery in the interscalene triangle between the anterior and middle scalene triangles
Costoclavicular syndrome is ____
Costoclavicular syndrome is nerve/vascular compression between the clavicle and first rib
Infrahyoid “strap” muscles are innervated by the ____
Infrahyoid “strap” muscles are innervated by the ansa cervicalis
Whiplash / hyperextension injury is ____
Whiplash / hyperextension injury is soft tissue injury to anterior/lateral structures
- Anterior longitudinal ligament with ruptured disc, longus coli / scalene muscles
- Can aslo stretch trachea / larynx (causes hoarseness) and cause concussion / brain injury
Hyperflexion injury involves ____ and can ____, resulting in ____
Hyperflexion injury involves tearing of posterior structures and can disrupt articulations between cervical vertebrae, resulting in dislocation or sliding of one vertebra on another
(tearing of interspinous ligaments and joint capsules that result in anterior dislocation of the cervical spine with possible spinal cord damage)
Compression injury is _____
Compression injury is when the bodies of cervical vertebrae are crushed to varying degrees
(spinal cord damage can result in severe cases)
Describe the triangles of the neck
Triangles of the neck
- Posterior triangle
- Anterior triangle: carotid triangle, submandibular, submental, and muscular
Vertebral compartment of bone and muscle in the neck is surrounded by ____
Vertebral compartment of bone and muscle in the neck is surrounded by prevertebral fascia
Visceral compartment of neck has ____
Visceral compartment of neck has pretracheal fascia
Blood or infection in the danger zone of the visceral compartment of the neck can spread to the ____
Blood or infection in the danger zone of the visceral compartment of the neck can spread to the mediastinum
Describe the vertebral, visceral, and carotid compartments
Vertebral, visceral, and carotid compartments
Danger space in the neck is continuous with the ____, while the ____ is between the alar and pretracheal fascias
Danger space in the neck is continuous with the mediastinum, while the retropharyngeal space is between the alar and pretracheal fascias
Alar fascia is the ____ above the level of the trachea
Alar fascia is the buccopharyngeal fascia above the level of the trachea
Pharyngeal constrictors and landmarks of the neck
- Superior: ____
- Middle: ____
- Inferior: ____
Pharyngeal constrictors and landmarks of the neck
- Superior: buccinator muscle
- Middle: hyoid bone
- Inferior: thyroid and cricoid cartilages
Name the parts of the pharynx
Emergency airway landmarks are the ____ and ____
Emergency airway landmarks are the thyrohyoid membrane and cricothyroid membrane
Describe the motor and cutaneous nerves of the cervical plexus
Motor and cutaneous nerves of the cervical plexus
- Motor: phrenic nerve -> diaphgragm, ansa cervicalis to strap muscles, direct muscular branches
- Cutaneous: transverse cervical, supraclavicular, greater auricular, lesser occipital
(C1 fibers travel with hypoglossal nerve to thyrohyoid and ansa cervicalis)
In the superficial neck, cutaneous branches emerge from the ____, and the greater auricular nerve travels with the ____
In the superficial neck, cutaneous branches emerge from the posterior triangle, and the greater auricular nerve travels with the external jugular vein
There are three jugular veins: ____, ____, and ____
There are three jugular veins: anterior, external, and internal
____ is involved in the gag reflex
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) is involved in the gag reflex
____ is involved in the cough reflex
Internal laryngeal nerve is involved in the cough reflex
(from the superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve)
