SM_02b: Superficial Face and Skull Interior Flashcards
Motor innervation to the face is by the ____
Motor innervation to the face is by the facial nerve (VII, branchiomotor)
General sensory supply to the face is by the ____
General sensory supply to the face is by the trigeminal nerve (V)
Divisions of the trigeminal nerve are ____, ____, and ____
Divisions of the trigeminal nerve are ophthalmic nerve (V1), maxillary nerve (V2), and mandibular nerve (V3)
Sensory innervation of the head below the jaw comes from ____
Sensory innervation of the head below the jaw comes from spinal nerve ventral rami (cervical plexus)
Sensory innervation of the back of the head comes from ____ and ____
Sensory innervation of the back of the head comes from spinal nerve dorsal rami and C2 (greater occipital nerve)
Sensory innervation of the pharyngeal arch surfaces is due to ____, ____, and ____ because ____
Sensory innervation of the pharyngeal arch surfaces is due to V2, V3, and cervical spinal nerve dermatomes because skin over arches 2-6 does not grow but rather merges with the cervical sinus and disappears
Parts of V1 include ____, ____, ____, and ____
Parts of V1 include supraorbital, supratrochlear, lacrimal, and external nasal
Parts of V2 include ____, ____, and ____
Parts of V2 include zygomaticotemporal, zygomaticofacial, and infraorbital
Parts of V3 include ____, ____, and ____
Parts of V3 include auriculotemporal, buccal, and mental
Describe the path of the facial nerve
Facial nerve
- Exits the stylomastoid foramen of the temporal bone
- Enters parotid gland
- Fans out anteriorly to the muscles of facial expression
____ is the largest subcutaneous nerve in the body
Facial artery is the largest subcutaneous nerve in the body
(supplies subcutaneous muscles of the face)
Facial nerve branches are named by ____, not ____
Facial nerve branches are named by territories, not individual nerves
(temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical to platsyma)
Describe the major muscles of facial expression
Muscles of facial expression
- Frontalis muscle has broad flat tendon that connects it to occipitalis
- Orbital part of orbicularis oculi: forcefully closes eye, attaches to bone
- Palpebral part of orbicularis oculi: gently closing eye
- Buccinator: wall of oral cavity, Trumpeter’s muscle
- Platsyma allows maximum air in
Orbital septum attaching to orbital margin is ____
Orbital septum attaching to orbital margin is barrier to passage of infection from face to orbit
Describe the lacrimal gland
Lacrimal gland
- Deep to orbital septum
Hooks around levator palpebrae superioris tendon - Has numerous small ducts opening into the superior fornix of conjunctiva
Excess lacrimal secretions can end up the nose through the ___
Excess lacrimal secretions can end up the nose through the nasolacrimal duct
Layers of the scalp are ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____
Layers of the scalp are skin, subcutaneous fascia, galea aponeurotica, loose conective tissue, periosteum (or pericranium)
____, ____, and ____ of the scalp form a tight unit that slides over the ____ because of the loose danger zone where blood/infection can spread
Skin, fascia, and galea aponeurotica of the scalp form a tight unit that slides over the periosteum because of the loose danger zone where blood/infection can spread
For the meninges, ____ in the skull acts as ____
For the meninges, dura in the skull acts as periosteum
(there is no epidural space as in the vertebral column)
Describe the layers of the meningies in the brain
Layers of meninges in brain
- Dura (gray and yellow): periosteal and meningeal components
- Arachnoid (green): pressed against dura by CSF but not directly attached
- Pia (red): follows all of the contours of the brain
Dural sinuses are ____ and all converge on the ____
Dural sinuses are venous channels between the two layers of dura and all converge on the internal jugular vein
Dural sinuses drain ___ and connect with ___
Dural sinuses drain blood from the brain and connect with veins of the scalp
Superior sagittal sinus receives all ____ via ____
Superior sagittal sinus receives all CSF via tufts of arachnoid (arachnoid granulations) extending into the sinus
Epidural bleeding is ____ from the ____
Epidural bleeding is arterial from the middle meningeal artery
Subdural bleeding is ____ from ____
Subdural bleeding is venous from cerebral veins at the superior sagittal sinus
Subarachnoid bleeding will be ____ if from the ____
Subarachnoid bleeding will be arterial if from the cerebral arteries (e.g. from ruptured aneurysms)
Epidural blood between the ____ and ____ peels the dura away from bone, giving a ____ shape
Epidural blood between the dura and bone peels the dura away from bone, giving a convex towards the brain shape
Subdural blood between the ____ and ____ separates the two layers, leading to an ____ shape
Subdural blood between the dura and arachnoid separates the two layers, leading to an irregular shape
Blood is ____ between the ____ and ____
Blood is epidural between the dura and bone
(blood contained by dura to give it a convex shape towards the brain)
Blood is ____ between the ____ and ____
Blood is subdural between the dura and arachnoid
(blood spreads more easily and has a more irregular profile)
Describe the types of bleeding in this picture
- Subarachnoid blood: in CSF between arachnoid and pia, follows contour of brain
- Subdural bleeding: between dura and arachnoid
- Intracerebral bleeding: such as from ruptured aneurysm
- Epidural bleeding: between bone and dura
Paranasal air sinuses are ____ and function to ____ and ____
Paranasal air sinuses are mucous-lined air spaces within the frontal, maxillary, ethmoid and sphenoid bones and function to lighten the bones and communicate with the nasal cavity to resonate the voice
Describe the flow sequences of the dural sinuses
Flow sequences of the dural sinuses
- Superior sagittal sinus -> transverse sinus -> sigmoid sinus -> internal jugular vein
- Inferior sagittal sinus (joining great cerebral vein) -> straight sinus -> transverse sinus etc
- Ophthalmic veins and veins from deep in the brain -> cavernous sinus -> superior and inferior petrosal sinuses -> beginning and end of the sigmoid sinuses
____ and ____ pass through the cavernous sinus, which flanks the ____
Nerves to orbit / V2 and internal carotid artery pass through the cavernous sinus, which flanks the body of the sphenoid (sella turcica)
Cranial nerve I exits the skull at the ____
Cranial nerve I exits the skull at the cribriform plate / ethmoid
Cranial nerve II exits the skull at the ____
Cranial nerve II exits the skull at the optic canal / sphenoid
Cranial nerves III, IV, V1, and VI exit the skull at the ____
Cranial nerves III, IV, V1, and VI exit the skull at the superior orbital fissure
Cranial nerve V2 exits the skull at the ____
Cranial nerve V2 exits the skull at the foramen rotundum
Cranial nerves VII and VIII exit the skull at the ____
Cranial nerves VII and VIII exit the skull at the internal acoustic meatus
Cranial nerve XII exits the skull at the ____
Cranial nerve XII exits the skull at the hypoglossal canal
Cranial nerves pierce dura in ____ place compared to where they pierce bone
Cranial nerves pierce dura in a different place compared to where they pierce bone
