Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > slideshow > Flashcards

slideshow Flashcards

1
Q

Viscerocranium -

A

lower part, bones forming the face (maxillary and zygomatic)

2 nasal bones, 2 lacrimal bones, 2 zygomatic bones, maxilla (with piriform fossa), 2 inferior nasal conchae, unpaired vomer, palatine bone (roof of mouth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neurocranium -

A

upper part, bones around brain (cranial vault - cavity and calvaria - skull cap)

Frontal bone, 2 parietal bones, 2 temporal bones, 2 sphenoid bones (apex of orbit), ethmoid bone, occipital bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Coronal sutures

A

frontal-parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sagittal suture

A

parietal-parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lambdoid suture

A

parietals-occipital looks like the Greek letter Lambda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Squamosal suture

A

temporal-parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Wormian bones lie

A

within the sutures (aka Inca bones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The skull is much shorter in children and elongates in the viscerocranium. This is significant because the Eustacian tube is more ____ in children

A

horizontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

More horizontal Eustachian tube in children results in

A

more common ear infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe Neurocranium boney middle layer

A

Intermediate - cancellous bone (diploe)

Houses and protects RBC and red bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diploic veins - run through ___ ____ (frontal diploic v., anterior and posterior temporal diploic v., occipital diploic v.) anastamose with each other. Drain the scalp and neurocranium - drains into dural venous sinuses (which is the superior sagittal sinus).

A

diploe bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

explain scalp vein drainage all the way through

A

Scalp v > diploic v > emissary v > superior sagittal sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The anterior fontanelle is known as the

A

Bregma (soft spot)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oribt of skull borders

A 
MS. ELFZ Feels A Mean Raw Labia
Floor- Maxilla 
Apex- greater wing of Sphenoid bone
Medial Wall- Ethoid bones (orbital plate) and Lacrimal bones
Roof- Frontal Bone
Lateral Wall- Zygomatic Bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lefort Fracture 1

A

Lower maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lefort Fracture 2

A

upper maxilla, under orbits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lefort Fracture 3

A

though orbits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pterion

A

Weak spot due to skull thickness

Meeting place for the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pterion Fracture

A

results in damage to the anterior branch of middle meningeal a. > epidural hematoma (fatal 15-20%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mandible articulates with skull at

A

TMJ (temporal mandibular joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Your mandible forms your lower jaw. What kind of joint does it create?

A

combination hinge and gliding joint (protrusion, retraction, elevation and depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Inferior alveolar n. enters through

A

mandibular foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Inferior alveolar n. enters through mandibular foramen and provides ______. What does it exit out of, and what happens when it exits?

A

sensation to lower teeth and gums then exits mental foramen as the mental n.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What travels with the inferior alveolar n.?

A

The inferior alveolar a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

SCALP stands for:

A 
S- skin 
C- connective tissue (dense, vascular) 
A- aponeurosis (connects frontalis and occipitalis) 
L- loose connective tissue 
P- pericranium (periosteum)

Aponeurosis is known as the Galea Aponeurotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Rostral

A

front of head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Caudal

A

back of head/tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Cephalic

A

toward head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Ipsilateral

A

same side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Contralateral

A

opposite side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where is the Corpora quadrigemina located? and what is it?

A

It’s located on the midbrain and it has 2 superior colliculi and 2 inferior colliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

2 superior colliculi

A

vision reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

2 inferior colliculi

A

audition reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Where is your Olive found

A

its a landmark on your ventral medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Your cerebellum has Tonsils on posterior lobe, what happens if the brain swells?

A

they can cause herniation, pressure on the brainstem so the person to not be able to breathe!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Cerebellum Function

A

coordinates muscular activity, mediates posture/equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Dysenergia

A

Cerebellum lesion-

muscles don’t work together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Ataxia

A

Cerebellum lesion-

unable to coordinate movements, jerky motion of trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Dysmetria

A

Cerebellum lesion

past pointing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia

A

can’t rapidly alternate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Secondary brain vesicles:

A 
Telencephalon (cerebrum) 
Diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus) 
Mesencephalon (midbrain) 
Metencephalon (pons and cerebellum) 
Mylencephalon (medulla)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the tiers of the thalamus separated by? and

Explain the “Tiers” of the thalamus

A

Tiers are separated by internal medullary lamina:
Anterior tier - one nuclei
Medial tier - two nuclei
Lateral tier - lots of nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Relay nuclei

A

take in sensation from incoming systems and relay to the cortex
These are specific to the sense. For example the lateral geniculate body relays vision and the ventral-posterior nucleus relays pain/temp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Diffuse nuclei

A

non-specific, carry information from the ascending reticular formation to the relay nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Association nuclei

A

receive info from other thalamic nuclei and send to association areas in cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Hypothalamus (and what does it technically innervate)

A

integrating center for ANS, innervates viscera and controls visceral function

Parasympathetic (rest and digest) vs. sympathetic (fight or flight)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the pituitary gland controlled by

A

the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

3 parts of pituitary gland

A

Pars anterior -
Pars posterior -
Pars intermedia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What do all 3 parts of the pituitary gland do?

A

secrete hormones!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Pars anterior

A

Anterior - Teachers Are Failures Letting Students Pass

TSH-(Thyroid Stimulating Hormone- metabolism)
ACTH (AdrenoCorticoTropic Hormone- stress)
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone- maturation of ovum + testes)
LH (Lutinizing Hormone- ovulation and testosterone production)
SGH (Growth hormone)
PRL (Prolactin- lactation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Pars Posterior

A

OV
Octocin- facilitates labor
Vasopressin (ADH)- retain water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Pars Intermediate

A

MSH- melanocyte stimulating horomone- maintains normal skin tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

In your epithalamus you have your ____ which calcifies in adults

A

Pineal gland (secretes melatonin)

54
Q

Subthalamus prevents what? Explain how this is different from other areas

A

Prevents dyskinesias or hemiballismus. This is different than dysenergia because this is movement all the time (even at rest) whereas dysenergia is excessive movement when the person is trying to move.

55
Q

dyskinesias or hemiballismus is injury to

A

subthalamus

56
Q

dyskinesias or hemiballismus=

A

movement all the time (even at rest)

57
Q

dysenergia is

A

injury to cerebellum

excessive movement when the person is trying to move.

58
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Caused by injury to Substantia nigra
tremor at rest, pill rolling tremor
Dark pigmented cells that produce dopamine are degenerated

59
Q

Sulci

A

infolding grooves in cerebral cortex

60
Q

gyri

A

elevations in cerebral cortex

61
Q

Precentral gyrus… AKA? What originates here? What does it do?

A

aka primary motor area, most pyramidal tract fibers originate here, fine digital and voluntary movement

62
Q

Premotor cortex

A

control of gross motor and trunk movement

63
Q

Supplementary motor area

A

plans performance of a sequence of movements from memory (ex. Putting on a shirt)

64
Q

Frontal eye fields

A

motor control of extraocular movements (conjugate deviation)

65
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

CEO of brain, executive control such as personality, emotions, problem-solving, reasoning and decision-making

66
Q

Basal portion of frontal lobe

A

pars orbitalis, pars opercularis, pars triangularis (these two make up the Broca’s area - drive motor speech and dominant on L side)

67
Q

Postcentral gyrus where is it? What is it? How does it get its information

A

In the Parietal lobe

primary somatosensory area, receives projections from thalamic relay nuclei, perceives general sensation such as pain, temp and tactile sense

68
Q

General sensory association area does what?

A

processes sensory info

69
Q

2 parts of Inferior parietal lobule parts

A
  1. Supramarginal gyrus

2. Angular gyrus

70
Q

Supramarginal gyrus- where does it sit? and what is a disorder to this area called?

A

sits on top of Sylvian fissure ending, provides sensory/tactile feedback to guide motor tasks. Disorder = dyspraxia.

71
Q

Dyspraxia

A

injury to supramarginal, impacts an individual’s ability to plan and process motor tasks

72
Q

Angular gyrus

A

reading association area. Disorders include reading delay, agraphia, acalculia, agnosia

73
Q

Occipital Lobe Contains

A

Primary visual area

Visual association area

74
Q

Primary visual area- location? How does it receive it’s information? Lesion =

A
  • just outside the calcarine sulcus
  • Receives relay nuclei association with vision from thalamus
  • Lesions = cortical blindness
75
Q

Visual association area - what’s around it? and what is a lesion to it called?

A

medial occipital cortex located on either side of the primary cortex and lateral occipital cortex
Lesion = visual agnosia

76
Q

Wernicke’s speech association area- and what side is it dominant on?

A

language comprehension, dominant on the left

77
Q

What connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s directly

A

Arcuate fasciculus

78
Q

receptive aphasia is a lesion to

A

Wernicke’s speech association area

79
Q

Incoming olfactory info does not…

A

pass through the thalamus

80
Q

Hippocampus

A
  • part of limbic lobe

- emotional behavior and memory

81
Q

Expressive aphasia

A

damage to Broca’s area so patient can’t form words but knows what they want to say

82
Q

Agraphia

A

difficulty writing/spelling, damage to angular gyrus

83
Q

Acalculia

A

difficulty with basic math

damage to angular gyrus

84
Q

Finger agnosia

A

can’t count fingers

damage to angular gyrus

85
Q

Dyspraxia

A

damage to likely left parietal association area so patient cannot plan and process motor tasks

86
Q

Ideomotor- and what is it an injury to

A

patient knows what to do but can’t seem to do it, damage to supramarginal gyrus

87
Q

Cortical blindness is a lesion to

A

lesion to primary visual area

88
Q

Visual agnosia

A

patient can’t recognize the object in front of them, damage to visual association area

89
Q

Receptive aphasia

A

patient hears speech but can’t understand, damage to Wernicke’s area

90
Q

Global aphasia

A

both Broca’s and Wenicke’s are damaged

91
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

one of the first parts affected is the hippocampus

92
Q

Epidural space

A

viable space in vertebral column (fat and venous plexus) but only a potential space in the cranium

93
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

covers posterior cranial fossa and cerebellum

94
Q

Falx cerebri - lies where? attaches to?

And, what lies between the two lobes of the cerebellum?

A

lies within median longitudinal fissure and attaches rostrally to crista galla. Falx cerebelli lies between lobes of cerebellum.

95
Q

Cervical Plexus

A

And Lets Get Together Sometime Please

Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3)
Lesser occipital n (C2)

Greater auricular n (C2-C3)

Transverse cervical n (C2-C3)

Supraclavicular n (C3-C4)

Phrenic n (C3-C5)

96
Q

2 Motor Branches of Cervical Plexus

A

Ansa Cervicalis: sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid (both bellies)

Phrenic: diaphragm

97
Q

4 Sensory Branches of Cervical Plexus

A

Lesser occipital n (C2)
Back of the head

Greater auricular n (C2-C3)
Ear, carotid gland

Transverse Cervical n. (C2-C3)
Anterolateral neck

Supraclavicular n (C3-C4)
Area over clavicle
98
Q

Muscles of Mastication- To close the mouth

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid

99
Q

Muscles of Mastication- to open the mouth

A

Lateral pterygoid

100
Q

Temporalis O/I

A

O: temporal fossa
I: coronoid process

101
Q

Masseter O/I

A

O: zygomatic bone
I: lateral angle of mandible

102
Q

Medial pterygoid O/I

A

O: pterygoid fossa
I: medial angle of mandible

103
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

O: lat. pterygoid plate
I: mandibular condyle and articular disc

104
Q

Describe the arrangement of the Teeth

A 
4 incisors (medial/lateral)
2 canines
4 premolars (1st, 2nd)
6 molars (1st, 2nd, 3rd)
105
Q

How many teeth on top? How many teeth on bottom?

A

16 on top, 16 on bottom

106
Q

Infections of scalp can spread through which layer

A

the loose connective tissue layer

107
Q

Significance of the circle of Willis

A

collateral blood flow

protective against stroke

108
Q

how many teeth do children have?

A

20

109
Q

intrinsics MUSCLES of the tongue

A

Intrinsic:

  • longitudinal (roll tongue up)
  • transverse (make hot dog)
  • vertical (flatten out) - (CN XII)
110
Q

Genioglossus: ?→?, What does it do? CN ?

A

chin → tongue; stick out tongue; CN XI

111
Q

Hyoglossus:? → ?, what does it do? CN?

A

hyoid → tongue; “ahhh @ doctor”; CN XII

112
Q

Styloglossus: ? → ?; what does it do? CN ?

A

styloid process → tongue; bring tongue back in; CN XII

113
Q

Palatoglossus: ? → ?; what does It do?; CN ?

A

soft palate → tongue; lift tongue, oppose soft palate; CN X

114
Q

Sensation to tongue

A

ant ⅔: V3 (lingual br)
Ant ⅔ taste: CN VII (chorda tympani)
Post ⅓ general and taste: CN IX (glossopharyngeal- lingual br)

115
Q

Parotid innervation- parasympathetic = CN?

A

CN IX

116
Q

Submandibular parasympathetic innervation = CN ?

A

CN VII

117
Q

Sublingual parasympathetic innervation CN ?

A

CN VII

118
Q

5 SOFT Muscles of palate

A 
Levator Veli Palatini
Tensor Veli Palatini
Palatopharyngeus
Palatoglossus
Musculus Uvuli
119
Q

ALL SOFT MUSCLES OF PALATE INNERVATED BY VAGUS NERVE EXCEPT

A

TENSOR VELI PALATINI (V3)

120
Q

Levator Veli Palatini

A

Helps lift palate and clear way

121
Q

Tensor Veli Palatini

A

Tenses palate for swallowing

122
Q

Palatopharyngeus & Palatoglossus

A

Funnel effect for swallowing

123
Q

Musculus Uvuli

A

Closes off choane to keep food/water going up nose

124
Q

3 parts of pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

125
Q

Nasopharynx

A

opening of eustachian tubes (connect middle ear to nasopharynx), adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil)

126
Q

Oropharynx

A

begins @ uvula, ends @ epiglottis

127
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

begins @ epiglottis, ends around C6, piriform recess - natural trap for food

128
Q

all muscles of Pharynx are innervated by (note exception..)

A

all CN X EXCEPT stylopharyngeus (IX)

129
Q

Larynx begins at

Larynx ends at

A

C4-C6

130
Q

lateral geniculate body relay nuclei relays

A

vision

131
Q

ventral posterior relay nucleus relays

A

pain/temp.

Anatomy (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions