Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Anatomy Test #3 Lecture 4/5 material! > Flashcards

Anatomy Test #3 Lecture 4/5 material! Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial Nerve 1 name

A

The olfactory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cranial 1 gives us our sense of

A

smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The olfactory nerve consists of

A

little fascicles that pass through the cribriform plate into the cranial cavity (specifically into the olfactory bulb, which means that it is no longer the olfactory nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The olfactory bulb

A

initiates new axons that flow posteriorly as the OLFACTORY TRACT (not the olfactory nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the olfactory trigone

A

has medial fibers (medial striae)

and lateral fibers (lateral striae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

lateral striae of the olfactory trigone project into

A

the primary olfactory area on the ipsilateral side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the medial striae of the olfactory trigone

A

cross to the opposite side of the brain via the anterior commisure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Does one side take care of smell?

A

no, lateral and medial striae result in both sides taking care of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the fornix

A

part of the limbic system, part of emotional brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lamina terminalis

A

marks the rostral end of the rostrum of the corpus colosseum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cranial nerve 1 function

A

has no motor function at all, all olfaction or smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cranial nerve 2

A

optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

optic nerve originates

A

in the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

optic nerve is what type of fibers

A

all sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the optic nerve enters the cranial cavity through the

A

optic canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the optic chiasm

A

where some of the fibers of the eye cross

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the optic tract

A

after the optic chiasm, terminates into the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

function of cranial nerve 2?

A

optic nerve, so vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

fibers coming from lateral retina do what

A

stay on the same side as the chiasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

fibers coming from medial retina do what

A

cross the chiasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

your lateral retina sees the

A

medial visual field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

your medial retina sees the

A

lateral visual field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If you have pressure on the optic chiasm, what happens?

A

It prevents the medial fibers from crossing, so you won’t be able to see anything in the periphery aka the lateral visual field. So you will only see things in the medial visual field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

corticoblindness

A

damage to occipital lobe, causes you to not be able to see

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

visual adnosmiam

A

damage to the association cortex of the occipital lobe- you might be able to see, but you won’t know what you are seeing, you wouldn’t be able to name it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

cranial nerve III name

A

Oculomotor Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

CN III emerges from

A

These nerves are situated on the ventral brainstem at the level of the junction between the midbrain and the pons. They may be observed emerging from the midbrain centrally in
the INTERPENDUNCULAR FOSSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the name of cranial nerve IV

A

the trochlear nerve (the smallest of all of the nerves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

where does the trochlear nerve originate

A

This is the ONLY cranial nerve that is attached to the dorsal aspect of the brainstem (Netter: 115). However, it then wraps around to the ventrolateral aspect and may be observed laterally at the level of the midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is the only cranial nerve that is crossed?

A

the trochlear nerve! It’s fibers cross in the superior medullary velum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the name of cranial nerve VI

A

the abducens nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what does the abducens nerve do?

A

it abducts your eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

CN IV exits the skull through

A

superior orbital fissure to innervate one muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Unique Features of trochlear nerve:

A

smallest cranial nerve
fibers cross in the superior medullary velum
innervates the superior oblique muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Trochlear nerve function - and is it motor or sensory or both

A

Function: Motor: This cranial nerve innervates one eye muscle, the Superior Oblique which moves the eye in a downward and outward direction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Cranial nerve VI emerges from the junction between the

A

pons and the medulla (pontomedually groove)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

for eyes to move normally they must

A

move in the same direction and distance at the same speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

conjugate extra-occular movement / conjugate deviation of the eye

A

eyes move in the same direction and distance at the same speed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

If your left eye looks lateral, what should right eye be doing

A

looking medial at the same velocity, speed and rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Medial Rectus

A

Eye rotates in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Superior Rectus

A

Eye rotates up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Inferior Rectus

A

Eye rotates down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Inferior Oblique

A

Eye rotates up and out. (diagonally up and out)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

innervation of medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique is by what nerve?

A

cranial nerve 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

levator palpebrae muscle function, and what innervates it?

A

function is to open the eyelid, and its innervated by cranial nerve 3. When the muscle contracts it opens your eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

ptosis (p is silent)

A

sagging of eyelid due to issues with levator palpebrae. Likely due to cranial nerve 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Do cranial nerves have sympathetic function?

A

no sympathetic but yes parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

cranial nerve III has what kind of autonomic function?

A

parasympathetic function- it is motor to the constrictor pupillae muscle. It consists of smooth muscle fibers in the iris of the eye (the part of the eye that we look at and it’s the color of the persons eye). When it gets a parasympathetic signal, your pupil will constrict.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

discuss the ciliary muscle of the eye

A

it’s another parasympathetic muscle innervated by cranial nerve III.
WHEN YOU BRING SOMETHING CLOSE TO YOUR EYE YOUR CILIARY MUSCLE CONTRACTS CAUSING THE LENS TO THICKEN (LENS TO THICKEN IS BC OF PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM AND THIS IS CALLED DISTANCE ACCOMMODATION,

further information:
The dark spot in your eye is the pupil. It allows light rays into your eyes so you can see. Right behind pupil is your lens. Your lens allows the light rays to be focused on the retina. So it’s a built in pair of glasses. When you take an object away from the eye, it relaxes, and the lens thins. Results in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

function of the trochlear nerve

A

extra-occular movement only!

superior oblique: eye turns diagonally DOWN and OUT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

cranial nerve VI extra ocular movement function

A

lateral rectus of the eye- abduction - eye turns out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Annulis of zinn

A

a cartilaginous layer that surrounds the optic canal, connects to the rim of the optic canal. all extra ocular muscles except for inferior oblique originate here.

so: 
the superior oblique
the superior rectus
the lateral rectus 
the medial rectus
the inferior rectus
all original here!!
53
Q

the inferior oblique originates where?

A

the medial orbital surface!

54
Q

the oculomotor nerve enters the orbit through the

A

superior orbital fissure

55
Q

as soon as CN III enters the orbit it divides into

A

an upper division and lower division

56
Q

what does the upper division of cranial nerve III innervate?

A

innervates upper muscles that are supplied by the oculomotor nerve
so:
1. levator palpabrae superioris
2. superior rectus

57
Q

what does the lower division of cranial nerve III innervate?

A 
all muscles that are not upper supplied by the oculomotor nerve
so:
1. the medial rectus
2. the inferior rectus
3. the inferior oblique
58
Q

What division of Cranial Nerve III has the parasympathetic functions?

A

the lower division:

  • papillary constriction
  • lens thickening
59
Q

medial/ internal strabismuss

A

cross eyed

60
Q

if you’re crossed, what nerve would be effected?

A

cranial nerve III. Because it’s pulling your eye in. This is also because cranial nerve 6 is not innervating your lateral rectus.

61
Q

your occulomotor nerve is sandwiched between

A

your superior cerebellar artery and your posterior cerebral artery

62
Q

cardinal eye movements

A

Cranial nerve III, IV and VI exam
allows a person to track an object moving infront of their eyes- have patient track object with eyes moving left to right, up and down, and diagonally in and out.

63
Q

direct and consensual light reflex

A

optic nerve III
- shine a light in someones eyes and the pupil on the ipsilateral side will obviously constrict, but this reflex causes the contralateral side to also constrict

64
Q

cranial nerve 5 name

A

trigeminal nerve

65
Q

what’s the biggest cranial nerve in terms of mass and size?

A

the trigeminal nerve

66
Q

origination of trigeminal nerve

A

comes from your ventrolateral pons

67
Q

trigeminal ganglion

A

the thick portion of trigeminal nerve which house the sensory nerve bodies for this nerve

68
Q

distal to trigeminal ganglion are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve. Name them

A

there are three divisions called the

  1. ophthalmic divison (V1)
  2. maxillary divison (V2)
  3. mandibular division (V3)
69
Q

the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve are all for

A

sensory of the face

70
Q

the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

A

ONLY SENSATION it gives general sensation to

  • forehead and scalp, back to the vortex (where we have our crown of head)
  • anterior nose, upper eyelid, and your conjunctiva (mucus membrane of eye) + sclera of the eye (the white capsule that encloses your eye)
71
Q

the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

A

ONLY SENSATION gives general sensation to

  • the middle face, ant temple, sides (alae) of the nose, and upper lip
  • nasopharynx and nasal cavity
  • soft and hard palate
  • upper row of teeth and gums
72
Q

the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve sensory functions

A

gives general sensation to

  • post. temple, skin over chin and jaw + lower lip
  • ant 2/3d’s of of tongue (gen sensation)
  • lower row of teeth + gums
  • TMJ
73
Q

back of the head sensation is through

A

the dorsal primary ramus of C2 AKA your greater occipital nerve

74
Q

the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve motor functions

A

4 Muscles of Mastication (chewing)
2 Suprahyoid Muscles (muscles above hyoid bone)
Tensor Tympani (Middle Ear)
Tensor Veli Palatini (Palate)

75
Q

4 Muscles of Mastication

A
  1. temporalis
  2. masseter- strongest muscle in body. comes from zygomatic arch, insert on lateral aspect of mandible
  3. medial pterygoid insert onto mandible on medial side- elevates jaw
  4. lateral pterygoid - inserts at head of mandible- slides jaw forward and unlocks it which allows us to open it
76
Q

muscles used to close the jaw

A

masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid

77
Q

muscle used to open the jaw

A

lateral pterygoid

78
Q

cranial nerve 5- soft palate

A

tenses the soft palate- tensor veil palatini. Necessary for us to do in order to swallow

79
Q

Tensor Tympani

A

DAMPENS THE VIBRATIONS TO THE MALLEUS- PREVENTS HYPERACUSIS (innervated by V3(

  • runs parallel with Eustachian tube
  • attaches to the malleus (1 of the three ossicles of the ear)
  • malleus attaches to ear drum, so that when we pick up a sound, it goes through the tensor tympani to the malleus
  • when sound vibrates to the malleus it then goes to 2 other ossicles of the ear, and that’s how we hear. If it was not for the sensory tympani, our ossicles would over vibrate and lead to Hyper Acoustics. So the sound would be so loud, we wouldn’t want to hear.
80
Q

other than malleus, what are the other two ossicles of the middle ear

A

incus (anvil) and stapes (stirrup)

81
Q

cranial nerve 7 is named

A

the frontal nerve

82
Q

cranial nerve 7 emerges

A

lateral to cranial nerve 6 (the abducens nerve) in the PONTOCEREBELLAR ANGLE

83
Q

three main parts of cranial nerve 7

A
  1. somatic portion - supplies muscles of fascial expression (allow you to smile, frown, furrow your brow,. It also supplies the stapedius
  2. Chorda Tympani-Sensory
  3. Greater Petrosal
84
Q

the somatic portion of cranial nerve 7 exits the skull through

A

the stylomastoid foramen, where it then enters your parotid gland and branches off to 5 branches

85
Q

5 branches of cranial nerve 7 after parotid gland

A
  1. temporal branch
    2.zygomatic branch
  2. buccal
  3. mandibular
  4. cervical
    To Zanzibar By Motor Car
    thumb to temple, pinky facing down towards chin
86
Q

Stapedius innervated by what? and what is it?

A 
(CN VII)
Attaches to the Stapes
Dampens vibrations
Prevents hyperacusis
smallest muscle
87
Q

Chorda Tympani-Sensory innervated by what? what is it

A

CN VII

Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

88
Q

Chorda Tympani-Motor innervated by what? what is it?

A

CN VII
Parasympathetic to submandibular & sublingual glands
Increases secretion in these glands

89
Q

Greater Petrosal innervated by what and what is it?

A

CN VII
Parasympathetic to the lacrimal gland (tears) & mucus glands of nasal cavity (runny nose)
Increases secretion in these glands

90
Q

Bell’s Palsy and it’s nerve

A

CN VII

paralysis of ipsilateral muscles of facial expression

91
Q

cranial nerve VIII name (8)

A

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

92
Q

cranial nerve VIII origin

A

just lateral to CN VII, right out of the pontocerebellar angle

93
Q

Vestibulocochlear Nerve 2 parts

A

Cochlear portion-Audition

Vestibular portion-Balance and Equilibrium

94
Q

Vestibular portion of Vestibulocochlear nerve consists of

A

3 Semicircular Canals (Superior, Horizontal, Posterior) ((more for monititering angular movements of head), cochlea, and between them there’s the vestibule (more for static positioning)

95
Q

Cranial Nerve IX name (9)

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

96
Q

Cranial Nerve IX emerges

A

as several rootlets dorsal to the Olive

97
Q

Cranial Nerve IX functions

A
  1. General Sensation-Middle Pharynx (Oropharynx)
    -area just behind mouth, where you have a sore throat
  2. Gen. Sensation & Taste-Post. 1/3 Tongue
  3. Carotid Branch that Monitors:
  4. Motor-Stylopharyngeus
  5. Autonomic-Motor
    Parasympathetic to the Parotid Gland
98
Q

Carotid Branch of IX that Monitors:

A

Blood O2 Level

Blood Pressure

99
Q

Autonomic-Motor of cranial nerve IX?

A

Parasympathetic to the Parotid Gland

-Increases secretions in this gland

100
Q

mumps and cranial nerve 9 and 7 relationship

A

it leads to the parotid gland swelling bc of cranial nerve 9 increasing secretions. This causes the parotid gland to squish cranial nerve 7, which deals with the facial expressions

101
Q

Cranial Nerve X name

A

Vagus nerve

102
Q

Cranial Nerve X emerges

A

as several rootlets dorsal to the Olive & caudal to CN IX

103
Q

vagus nerve innervates

A

Motor to Pharyngeal Muscles (Except Stylopharyngeus-CN IX)
Motor to Soft Palate Muscles (1 exception-Tensor Veli Palatini-V3)
Motor to Laryngeal Muscles
Sensory-Larynx
Sensory-Lower Pharynx (Laryngopharynx)
Sensory Ext. Auditory Canal

Motor (Parasympathetic)- Thoracic & Abdominal Viscera to the Left Colic Flexure
Sensory-Abdominal & Thoracic Viscera

104
Q

Cranial Nerve VI name

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve

105
Q

Why does Dr. Thomas not call Cranial Nerve VI a cranial nerve?

A

because it does not come off the brain, it comes off your upper cervical spinal cord segments. the root goes up through the foramen magnum

106
Q

Cranial Nerve VI innervates

A

trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

107
Q

sternocleidomastoid where? and what does it do?

A

runs from manubrium up to mastoid process. It helps you turn your head left and right (right turns your head left, and visa vera). When both contract it flexes your neck and extends head at Atlanta occipital joint. Also can help you breathe

108
Q

Cranial VII name

A

Hypoglossal Nerve

109
Q

Hypoglossal Nerve originates

A

between the Olive & Pyramids

110
Q

Hypoglossal Nerve leaves skull through

A

Hypoglossal canal

111
Q

Hypoglossal Nerve function / innervation

A

Motor Innervation to Muscles of the Tongue
Exception: Palatoglossus (Vagus)
- so a patient with tongue issues, including speech sometimes, is because of this nerve

112
Q

Parasympathetic-Feed and Relax cranial nerves

A

(CN’s III, VII, IX & X)

113
Q

parasympathetic and sympathetic are what kind of systems?

A

only motor, no sensory

114
Q

TMJ joint is the articulation between

A

mandibular fossa of temporal bone with the head of the mandible (mandibular condyle)

115
Q

what protects TMJ joint

A

articular joint

116
Q

what kind of joint is TMJ

A

hinge joint (opens and shuts) ; ball & socket (protrude, retracts, and goes side to side) ; gliding joint (u have to slide the jaw forward to open it)

117
Q

insertion always moves ___ the origin

A

towards

118
Q

The TMJ muscles all act around the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), so that any time the jaw is opened, two things always occur:

A
  1. The condyle is displaced anteriorly, thus the jaw actually partially dislocates itself to open;
    1. The mandible is depressed.
119
Q

4 main muscles of TMJ

A

masseter
temporalis
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid

120
Q

need lateral ptergoid to…

A

to help slip the jaw forward and unlock the TMJ

121
Q

to open jaw from a closed position what has to happen

A

the condyle/ disk slips forward to unlock the mandible, and then the mandible is depressed

122
Q

supra hyoid muscles

A

above the hyoid bone

  • support the hyoid and allow it to free flow in the neck
  • aid in swallowing and mandibular depression
123
Q

Other muscles assisting in depression of the mandible include the suprahyoid group, which are:

A
  1. Mylohyoid (innervation - V3) (Netter: 53);
  2. Anterior belly of the digastric (innervation - V3)
  3. Geniohyoid (innervation - C1 which piggybacks via the hypoglossal nerve, so its not the hypoglossal nerve its C1) (Netter: 53).
124
Q

Ligamentum supports of TMJ

A
  1. Articular capsule (membrane)- thick, tough, yet pliable
  2. Articular disc
  3. Temporomandibular Ligament- 2 short ligaments that prevent posterior displacement of the jaw
  4. Stylomandibular ligament - prevent mandibular depression
  5. Sphenomandibular ligament- also prevents mandibular depression
125
Q

Articular Capsule of TMJ

A

rim of the mandibular fossa to the neck of the mandibular condyle

126
Q

Temporomandibular ligament

A

zygomatic arch to the neck of the mandibular condyle.

127
Q

Stylomandibular ligament

A

styloid process to the angle of the mandible.

128
Q

Sphenomandibular ligament

A

spine of the sphenoid to the medial side of the mandibular ramus at the lingula. Medial side of mandible.

Anatomy (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions