Anatomy Test #3 Lecture #6 Material Flashcards
InfratemporalFossa
Lateral: Ramus-Mandible Anterior: Maxilla Medial: Lat. Pterygoid Plate Superior: Sphenoid-Greater Wing Posterior: Spine of the Sphenoid
Infratemporal Fossa-Contents
Pterygoid Plexus Lateral Pterygoid M. -Has Superior & Inferior Heads Medial Pterygoid M Maxillary Artery with 15-17 branches Chorda Tympani Nerve Branches of V3 Otic ganglion
Maxillary Artery with 15-17 branches three parts
Has the following 3 parts:
Superficial
Intermediate
Deep
Maxillary Artery comes off of what artery
external carotid artery
Inferior alveolar artery
comes off of the superficial maxillary artery and goes the opposite direction than the others, so it goes to your lower teeth and gums
middle meningeal
comes off of the superficial maxillary artery
Branches off of V3 (mandibular division of trigeminal n)
- Inferior Alveolar N
- N. to Mylohyoid
- Lingual Nerve
- Buccal Nerve
- Auriculotemporal Nerve
Chorda Tympani Nerve
(Br. of CN VII)
Comes together and runs with lingual N
supplies taste to the anterior 2/3’s of tongue and parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular gland and sublingual
Buccal Nerve
- branch of V3
- sensory to the cheek
Lingual Nerve
- branch of V3
- sensory fibers supply sensory to anterior 2/3’s of tongue
N. to Mylohyoid
comes off of inferior alveolar N and innervates the Mylohyoid muscle
Inferior Alveolar N
-branch of V3
enters mandible gives off sensory branches to lower teeth and jaw
Auriculotemporal Nerve
- branch of V3
- supplies general sensation to the posterior temporal region
- Splits around the Middle Meningeal Artery-parasympathetic to parotid gland
Otic ganglion
-gives off post ganglion parasympathetic innervation to your parotid gland, when its stimulated it causes carotid gland to secrete saliva
All Parasympathetic cranial nerves send out pre ganglions to viscera where it then reaches the post ganglion which then sends the
post ganglions to the organ
How many cranial nerves contain parasympathetic ganglions?
4 cranial nerves contain parasympathetic ganglions
which is larger, pre or post ganglions?
typically pre ganglions
Bones forming the “root” or “bridge” of the nose
Nasal Bones (2)
Frontal Process-Maxillary Bone (2)
Nasal Process-Frontal Bone (2
entrance to the Nasal Cavity
Piriform Fossa
Quadrangular (Hyaline)
Cartilage that forms the septum itself
Boney septum
behind quadrangular hyaline
The nasal septum consists of anterior and posterior part:
a. anterior, cartilaginous part;
b. posterior, bony part
Muscles of the nose include (Netter: 35):
a. Nasalis (opens the nostrils)
b. Depresso septi
c. Levator Palpebrae Superioris Alaque (nasi)
Levator Palpebrae Superioris Alaque (nasi) function
scruntches nose
procerus
between orbits and when you contract it furrows your brows, makes you frown
Depresso septi
under the septum, stabilizes the septum
Philtrum:
the space or depression b/w the 2 ridges created by the depress septi
nasopharynx
cavity in throat that is behind the nasal cavity.
choana
egg shaped openings that separates nasal cavity (air from nose) from nasopharynx
choana boundaries
Lateral Boundary-Perpendicular Plate-Palatine Bone
Medial Boundary- Bony Nasal Septum
limen nasi
where the skin ends and the respiratory mucus begins
roof of nasal cavity and floor if nasal cavity
roof = cribriform plate floor = hard palate = formed by the palatine processes of the maxillary bone and by the horizontal plates of the palatine bone
respiratory region.
warms and humidifies air
nasal conchae
on surface of lateral wall, warm and humidify air bc exposing it to more surface area
-superior conchae (it’s own bone), middle conchae (part of ethmoid bone), inferior conchae (part of ethmoid bone)
space between conchi
meatus
- (superior, middle (btw middle and inf), and inferior (btwn inf conchae and hard palate)
- where the nasolacrimal duct drains
sphenoethoidal recess
where the sphenoid sinus is going to drain
ethmoid bulla
bulge lying underneath the middle conchae, caused by the middle ethmoid air cells
Hiatus semilunaris
cleft lying underneath the middle conchae where the maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, and anterior ethmoidal air cells drain (see below).
Opening for Nasolacrimal Duct, explain crying –
Lacrimal Apparatus:
a. Lacarimal gland – releases tears that migrate medially across conjuntiva.
b. Lacariml Lake – collects tears
c. Lacrimal Caruncle – red tissue in lake
d. Lacrimal Papillae – on medial eyelid, small bump e. Lacrimal Puncta – pin hole on papillae
f. Lacrimal Canaliculi – from puncta to sac
g. Lacrimal Sac – to nasolacrimal duct
h. Nasolacrimal Duct – drains into nasal cavity; nose runs when you cry!
nasal cavity smell nerve?
nasal cavity general sensation nerve?
nasal cavity parasympathetic nerve and what does it do?
smell nerve- olfactory nerve
sensation- trigeminal nerve
parasympathetic nerve- facial nerve- increases amount of mucus and blood flow
Note that the primary blood flow to the nasal cavity is via the posteriorly entering
sphenopalatine artery (a terminal branch of the maxillary artery) and its branches
- Ant. Ethmoidal Artery
- Post. Ethmoidal Artery
- Greater Palatine Artery
- Nasal Br. – Facial Artery
Keisselbach’s Area-Epistaxis
where all the nose arteries come together, usually where your nose bleeds come from
Paranasal Sinuses Functions
Give resonance to the voice- a nice sound to your voice
Lighten the skull
4 pairs of paranasal sinuses
Maxillary Sinuses (biggest, right over molar teeth)
Frontal Sinuses
Ethmoid Air Cells (could have 4-16) (honeycomb shape)
Sphenoid Sinus (
drainage of maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, and anterior ethmoid sinus?
they all drain into the MIDDLE MEATUS via Hiatus Semilunaris
drainage of Middle Ethmoid goes into
Middle Meatus via opening in the Ethmoid Bulla (then into the Middle Meatus)
Posterior Ethmoid sinus drainage into :
Superior Meatus
Sphenoid sinus drainage into:
Sphenoethmoidal Recess
mental protrubrence
the bump in front middle of chin
Mastoid process
(attaches sternoclydomastoid muscle, and splenius capitis which may be missing in children who cannot hold up their head yet!)
Trapezius (upper portion) - innervated by and where is it?
CN XI provides the innervation
this muscle covers the back of the neck and attaches into the occipital region of the skull; also, the trapezius has a middle portion (shoulder) and lower portion (back) (Netter: 26).
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) - what innervates it and where is it?
CN XI provides the innervation.
this muscle covers the side of the neck obliquely, and runs from the mastoid process to the proximal clavicle and sternal manubrium (Netter: 26-27).
Platysma - what innervates it and where is it?
innervated by Cranial Nerve VII/ the facial nerve
the muscle that you show anger and grimace (think of the hulk) with in your neck. This is a superficial muscle, that acts as muscle of facial expression. The muscle covers roughly an area from the shoulder and clavicle to the mandible and mouth (Netter: 25).
structure deep to platysma?
external jugular vein
external jugular vein
very superficial, drains external face
what makes up the external jugular vein?
the Vein is formed by the:
Retromandibular Vein
Post. Auricular Vein
external jugular vein eventually drains into the
subclavian vein
Cervical Plexus-
ENTIRELY Sensory Branches
All are VPR- ventral primary rami
-Lesser Occipital N.- back of head and neck (C2)
-Greater Auricular N.- around the ear (post, over parotid gland) (C2-C3)
-Transverse Cervical N.- lateral and anterior neck(C2-C3)
-Supraclavicular N.- skin over clavicle (C3-C4)
Submandibular/Suboccip-ital Nodes
think of a turtle neck- underneath chin, ears, and back of head
Deep Cervical Nodes
run with sternoclydomastoid
Anterior Cervical Nodes
runs down neck under ear in a straight line
Posterior Cervical Triangle
boundaries are the upper trapezius, the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), and the clavicle. The roof is formed by the deep cervical investing fascia .
it’s the triangle above your clavicle- when you protract and elevate your shoulders
Posterior Cervical Triangle is filled with
deep cervical investing fascia
lipoma
big fatty tumor that might be in posterior cervical triangle
contents of posterior cervicle triangle
a. Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior)
b. Levator Scapulae
c. Splenius Capitis
d. Superior & Inferior belly of the omohyoid
Scalene Hiatus
This opening is formed by the anterior and middle scalene muscles.
Passing through the scalene hiatus are the
rami and trunks of the brachial plexus along with the subclavian triangle.
scalene are muscles that connect
these are muscles that connect the rib cage to the cervical spine
what separates Superior & Inferior belly of the omohyoid
intermediate tendon
What does the Inferior belly of the omohyoid do to the posterior cervical triangle?
it divides it into two smaller triangles
- the occipital triangle (top triangle)
- the subclavian or the omoclavicular triangle (the bottom triangle)
Nerve contents of posterior cervical triangle
all sensory
- Lesser Occipital N.
- Greater Auricular N.
- Transverse Cervical N.
- Supraclavicular N.
Erb’s Point
the point where the 4 nerves of the posterior cervical triangle come together
-its the location of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus
the occipital triangle
the beginning of the brachial plexus- the 5 rami and three trunks
subclavian triangle
Subclavian Artery
Subclavian Vein
Supraclavicular Nerve
what nerve runs through the occipital triangle?
Cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory nerve)
Anterior cervical triangle boundaries
Body of Mandible (top flat boundary)
Sternocleidomastoid (lateral border)
Midline of the Neck (medial border, splits into two triangles)
what fills up the Anterior cervical triangle
deep investing fascia
Anterior cervical triangle contents
Anterior & Posterior Belly-Digastric (note: Fibrous Sling & Intermediate Tendon)
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Suprahyoid Muscles innervations Anterior Belly of the Digastric: Mylohyoid: Posterior Belly of the Digastric: Stylohyoid: Geniohyoid
Anterior Belly of the Digastric: V3 (N. to Mylohyoid) Mylohyoid: V3 (N. to Mylohyoid) Posterior Belly of the Digastric: CN VII Stylohyoid: CN VII Geniohyoid: C1 via the Hypoglossal Nerve
