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Anatomy > main shit for test 4 > Flashcards

main shit for test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

draw arteries map

A

see sheet

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2
Q

MEDIASTINUM-Superior

A 
Mnemonic: BATS & TENT
B: Brachiocephalic veins 
A: Aortic Arch
T: Thymus
S: Superior vena cava
&
T: Trachea
E: Esophagus
N: Nerves
Vagus
Phrenic
L. recurrent laryngeal
T: Thoracic duct
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3
Q

Mediastinum-Inferior

Anterior Compartment

A

Mnemonic: LIT
L: Lymph nodes
I: Int. Thoracic vessels
T: Thymus (lower portion)

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4
Q

Mediastinum-Inferior

Middle Compartment

A 
Mnemonic: (It's a) TRAHP
T: Trachea (bifurcation and mainstem bronchi)
R: Roots of great vessels
1.   Superior/inferior vena cava
2. Pulmonary veins
3. Ascending aorta
4. Pulmonary trunk
A: Arch of azygous vein
H: Heart, coronary vessels, & pericardium
P: Phrenic nerve
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5
Q

Mediastinum-Inferior

Posterior Compartment

A 
Mnemonic: (I) L(o)V(e) DATES
L: Lymph nodes
V: Vagus nerve
D: Descending aorta
A: Azygous and hemizygous veins
T: Thoracic duct
E: Esophagus
S: Splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser, and least)
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6
Q

4 Quadrants of abdomen

A

Upper Right
Liver

Upper Left
Spleen

Lower Right
Appendix, ascending colon

Lower Left
Descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

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7
Q

Conducting system

A

SA node- depolarizes spontaneously, and when it does it sends an electric signal to heart to contract. It is called the pace maker. Usually 60-100 times a minute hence normal heart rate. In right atrium

AV node- found in the floor of the right atrium, picks up electrical impulse from SA node and sends it to muscular fibers called bundle of his

Bundle of his- runs in the inter ventricular septum (wall that separates left and right ventricle) where it branches where it turns into two in the left ventricle branches (anteriosuperior left bundle branch and posterior left bundle branch) and one right ventricle branch (right bundle branch)

the bundle branches have perkinje fibers that come off of them. these fingerlike structures deliver the electrical impulse into the myocardium where it then contracts. This is mechanical contraction where it can then be pumped out to the lungs

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8
Q

Tricuspid valve
Found where in heart?
Best heard where?
Cusps?

A

Between R. atrium and R. ventricle

Best heard at L. 5th interspace

Cusps:
Anterior
Posterior
Medial

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9
Q

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

  • Between what in the heart?
  • Best heard where?
  • Cusps?
A

Between L ventricle and L atrium

Best heard at L. 5th interspace - midclavicular line

Cusps:
Anterior
Posterior

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10
Q

Pulmonic (R. semilunar) valve

  • Found between?
  • Best heard where?
  • Cusps?
A

Between R ventricle and Pulmonary a.

Best heard at L. 2nd interpsace

Cusps:
Left
Right
Anterior

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11
Q

Aortic (L. Semilunar) valve
Between?
Best heard where?
Cusps?

A

Between L. ventricle and aorta

Best heard at R. 2nd interspace

Cusps
Left
Right
Posterior

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12
Q

R atrium features

A 
Fossa ovalis (btwn right and left atrium)
Coronary sinus (where veins come together)
SVC and IVC opening
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13
Q

R ventricle features

A

Conus arteriosus

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14
Q

what is the most posterior chamber of the heart?

A

the left atrium

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15
Q

left atrium features

A

Left AV orifice
Openings of pulmonary veins
Valve of foramen ovale

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16
Q

L ventricle features

A

thickest myocardium

Left AV orifice

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17
Q

blood flow of heart

A

superior vena cava receives blood from head, neck, upper limbs, and chest.

The inferior vena cava receives blood from the trunk, viscera, and lower limbs

both vena cava’s drain into the right atrium

  1. blood goes from right atrium to right ventricle through the tricuspid valve
  2. blood exits right ventricle through the pulmonary (R. Semilunar) valve and enters the pulmonary artery
  3. the pulmonary artery splits into left and right pulmonary arteries and goto each respective lung
  4. in the lungs gas exchange occurs. the lungs discard CO2 and pick up O2
  5. the blood comes back to heart via pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium
  6. the blood goes from the left atrium through the mitral/ bicuspid valve into the left ventricle
  7. the blood exits the left ventricle through the aortic (L. semilunar) valve into the aortic arch
  8. the aorta distributes blood to the body
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18
Q

What heart valves are open during diastole?

A

your mitral and tricuspid valves, blood is pouring through the atria into the ventricles

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19
Q

What heart valves are open during systole?

A

your pulmonic and aortic valves, because your heart is contracting. mitral and tricuspid must be closed to create pressure

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20
Q

blood flow with arrows

A

SVC/IVC → Right Atrium → Tricuspid Valve → Right Ventricle → Semilunar/Pulmonic valve → pulmonary arteries to lungs → pulmonary veins to heart → Left Atrium → Bicuspid Valve → Left Ventricle → Aortic Valve → Aorta
→ Brachiocephalic Trunk/ Left Common Carotid/ Left Subclavian/ Descending Aorta

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21
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

takes veins from the right ventricle to the lungs (right side of heart)

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22
Q

systemic circulation

A

from the left ventricle to the rest of the body (higher pressure than pulmonary)

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23
Q

coronary circulation purpose

A

to get oxygenated blood to the heart. Requires coronary (crown) arteries

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24
Q

coronary circulation of arteries

A

Left Coronary Artery: (comes off of ascending aorta, distal to aortic valve)
-Left Anterior Descending A (supplies left ventricle). → lat. left ventricular br. (secondary br) ((supplies left ventricle)
Circumflex (supplies most of left atrium) → diagonal br

Right Coronary Artery: (comes off of ascending aorta, distal to aortic valve)
Right Marginal A. (supplies the inferior surface of right ventricle)
Post. Descending A.

  1. Circumflex artery anastomoses with with right coronary artery
  2. posterior descending artery anastamoses with left anterior descending artery
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25
Q

Secondary Branches of Right Coronary Artery

A

Secondary Arterial Branches

  1. Br to SA node (heart attack here can require pace maker!)
  2. Ant. right atrial a.
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26
Q

Secondary Branches of Left Coronary Artery

A

Secondary Arterial Branches

  1. Posterolateral left ventricular br.
  2. Posterior left ventricular br.
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27
Q

Coronary arteries made easy

A

right coronary artery divides into the posterior descending artery that goes around the back and the marginal artery that is small and in the front. These arteries supply the right atrium, ventricle, and AV nodes.

the left coronary artery divides into the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery. These supply blood to the left atrium and the left ventricle. Specifically, the left atrium is supplied by the circumflex.

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28
Q

Coronary veins made easy

A

bring deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium through the coronary sinus

small cardiac vein from the right side of heart joins with coronary sinus and drains right ventricle

middle vein from the right ventricle joins coronary sinus

posterior vein from the left ventricle joins coronary sinus

great cardiac vein comes from the front of the heart and joins the coronary sinus

*anterior vein drains blood directly into right atrium, it does NOT join the coronary sinus

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29
Q

Great cardiac vein accompanies

A

the lateral anterior descending artery

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30
Q

Oblique vein

A

drains the atrium, joins w/ Greater Cardiac Vein and forms coronary sinus

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31
Q

Small cardiac vein

A

drains ventricles, empties into right atrium

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32
Q

Thebesian Veins

A

Blind ending
Arise from left ventricular myocardium (dump venous blood directly into left ventricle)
Drain into left ventricle (venous admixture, can never be 100% saturated O2)

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33
Q

bronchial veins sometimes drain into

A

pulmonary veins, which carry arterial blood

-so percent hemoglobin oxygen saturation is lowered

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34
Q

innervation of the heart

A

parasympathetic: vagus nerve (10)
sympathetic: T1-T3 or T4

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35
Q

External Intercostals:

  • how many pairs?
  • where do they begin and end?
  • attach to sternum via?
  • function
A

11 pairs, fibers down and forward, begin @ spine, end @ parasternal area, attach to sternum via external intercostal membrane - INHALATION

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36
Q 
Internal Intercostals:
How many pairs?
Fibers orientation?
Where?
Action?
A

11 pairs
fibers down and backward,
begin @ sternum, end @ posterolateral thoracic area, attach to vertebrae via internal intercostal membrane
FORCED EXHALATION

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37
Q 
innermost Intercostals:
how many? and deep to what?
Begin where? End where? 
Connect to spine by
Action
A

11 pairs, deep to internal intercostals
begin @ transverse thoracia (muscle), ends @ paravertebral area
continues to spine as innermost intercostal membrane - FORCED EXHALATION

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38
Q

Diaphragm is innervated by?

and what does this nerve run with?

A

PHRENIC N.
(C3 C4 C5 KEEP THE DIAPHRAGM ALIVE)
Runs b/w subclavian a and v

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39
Q

Costodiaphragmatic Recess

A

apex of heart is covered tightly with pleura, but the pleura goes down 2 EXTRA RIB SPACE - that space is filled with fluid and allows for expansion and limits friction of lungs. This space is called the:

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40
Q

Pulmonary Artery carries what kind of blood

A

DEoxygenated

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41
Q

Pulmonary Vein carries what kind of blood

A

Oxygenated

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42
Q

Bronchial Arteries and Veins

A 
1 right: off 3rd intercostal a. 
2 left: off aortic arch
** run with airways 
** veins run with the arteries 
** empty into SUPERIOR vena cava
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43
Q

Each lobe of each lung is divided into

A

bronchopulmonary segments

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44
Q

Right Bronchopulmonary Segments

A

Right: (10)
Anterior: apical, anterior, posterior
Middle: medial, lateral
Lower: superior, medial and lateral basal, anterior and posterior basal

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45
Q

Left Bronchopulmoary Segments

A

Left: (8)
Upper lobe: anterior, apico-posterior
Lingula: superior, inferior
Lower lobe: superior, posterior basal, lateral basal, anterio-medial basal

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46
Q

The lingual is an extension of the

A

left upper lobe of lung

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47
Q

Trachea:
Size?
It’s unique feature?
Where does it bifurcate?

A

2” cervical 2” thoracic

  • 20 C shaped cartilaginous rings
  • bifurcates at sternal angle (~T5-T7)
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48
Q

Boundaries of the heart

A

Lateral: mediastinal pleura and lungs
Posterior: esophagus (sits b/w heart and descending aorta)
Superior: trachea and tracheal bifurcation
Inferior: diaphragm

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49
Q

Base of the heart location

A

2nd-3rd costal cartilage

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50
Q

Apex of heart location

A

cross of midclavicular line of 5th interspace

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51
Q

CONDUCTING SYSTEM with arrows

A

SA node → right atrium → AV node → Bundle of His → Anterior/Posterior Left Bundle Branches → Purkinje Fibers take depolarized current to ventricular muscle fibers to contract

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52
Q

LAD = Left Anterior Descending Artery =

A

heart attack

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53
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

T12, L1-L4

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54
Q

Psoas Major and Minor

A

L2-L4

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55
Q

Iliacus innervated by

A

femoral n

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56
Q

Rectus Abdominis Innervation

A

7-11 intercostal nerves

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57
Q

External Oblique innervation

A

7-11 intercostal ns., subcostal n (T12)

-hands in pocket is how they run! your hands go diagonally inward

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58
Q

Internal Oblique Innervation

A

7-11 intercostal ns, subcostal n, (T12), iliohypogastric n, ilioinguinal n.

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59
Q

Hesselbach’s Triangle

A

see pic on slideshow

Inferior Epigastric Artery and interalveolar ligament

Free edge of Rectus Abdominis

Inguinal Ligament and Lacunar Ligament

Medial = Linea Semilunaris or lateral margin of rectus sheath. Superolateral = Inferior Epigastric Vessels Inferior = Inguinal Ligament

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60
Q

Inguinal Canal/ Hesselbach’s Triangle Hernias

A

Direct: Hasselbach’s triangle
Indirect: deep inguinal ring

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61
Q

Ductus Deferens

A

Leaves deep inguinal ring LATERAL to inf. Epigastric a, crosses ext iliac vessels and ureters, enters urethra

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62
Q

Broad Ligament:

A

binds uterus laterally
Mesometrium: largest
Mesovarium: supports ovaries
Mesosalpinx: supports fallopian tubes

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63
Q

Homologues

A

Male: Female:
Testes Ovary
Prostatic Utricle Uterus
Prostate Gland Skene’s Gland (Lesser Vestibular)
Penis Clitoris
Scrotum Labia Majora
Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper) Bartholins Glands (G. Vestibular)
SEE LAST GOOGLE SLIDE IF THIS DOESN’T COME THROUGH CORRECTLY

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64
Q

Perineum

A

see diagram

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65
Q

Sperm Pathway

A
  1. Testes ->
  2. seminiferous tubercles ->
  3. epidydimis ->
  4. vas deferens ->
  5. ejaculatory duct ->
  6. urethra
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66
Q

Hepatic portal veins

A

see chart

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67
Q

bronchial artery supplies the

A

lungs

68
Q

venous drainage of the lungs

A

bronchial veins

69
Q

what supplies the heart with blood?

A

R & L coronary arteries

70
Q

What veins drain the heart?

A

great, middle, small and anterior cardiac veins

71
Q

Upper GI includes? And what is the artery that supplies the upper GI?

A

stomach, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas, duodenum, esophagus, liver

ALL SUPPLIED BY BRANCHES OF CELIAC A.

72
Q

Upper GI includes? And what vein drains them?

A

stomach, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas, duodenum, esophagus, liver

Hepatic Portal Veins

73
Q

Middle GI includes? And what is the artery that supplies the Middle GI?

A

pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, R. portion of transverse

Branches of Superior Mesenteric A.

74
Q

Middle GI includes? And what is the vein that drains the Middle GI?

A

pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, R. portion of transverse

Hepatic Portal Veins

75
Q

Lower GI includes? And what is the artery that supplies the Lower GI?

A

L portion of transverse, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and part of anal canal

Branches of Inferior Mesenteric A.

76
Q

Lower GI includes? And what is the vein that drains the Lower GI?

A

L portion of transverse, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and part of anal canal

Hepatic Portal Veins

77
Q

The artery for the anal canal?

A

the pudendal artery

78
Q

the vein for the anal canal?

A

the hepatic vein

79
Q

penis artery?

A

internal pudendal artery

80
Q

penis vein?

A

dorsal vein

81
Q

gonads (testicular or ovarian) artery and vein

A

gonadal arteries and dorsal veins

82
Q

kidneys artery?

A

renal arteries

83
Q

pleural effusion

A

fluid backup into the lungs

84
Q

Subcostal innervates

A

T12 -MOTOR for external / internal oblique, transversus/ rectus abdominal, pyrimidalis

85
Q

iliohypogastric innervates

A

L1
SENSORY for pubic, gluteal
MOTOR for external/ internal oblique, transversus abdominas

86
Q

ilioinguinal innervates

A

L1
SENSORY for medial thigh and scrotum/labia
MOTOR for external/ internal oblique, transversus abdominas

87
Q

Geniofemoral innervate

A

L1 & L2
SENSORY for femoral triangle
MOTOR for cremaster and scrotom/ labia majora

88
Q

lateral femoral cutaneous innervation

A

L2 & L3

sensory to anterolateral thigh

89
Q

Accessory Obturator (9%) innervates

A

L3 & L4

motor to pectinius

90
Q

Obturator innervates

A

L2-L4
SENSORY to medial thigh
MOTOR to thigh adductors, hip/knee joint

91
Q

Femoral innervates

A

L2-L4
SENSORY to Anteriomedial thigh and leg
MOTOR to pectinous, anterior thigh, hip/knee joint

92
Q

Pudenal Nerve Innervates

A

S2-S4
MOTOR anal & urethral sphincter, pelvic diaphragm
bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus
SENSORY to penis/clitorus

93
Q

Inferior Rectal and Perineal Branches of Pudenal N innervate

A

S2-S4

scrotum, labia, perineal muscles

94
Q

Pelvic Splacnic N innervates

A

S2-S4
parasympathetic pelvis and colon
sacral splanchnic nerve arises from sympathetic chain

95
Q

appendages of large intestine?

A

Teniae Coli
Haustra
Mental (epiploic)

96
Q

Organ at left colic flexure, where transverse colon becomes descending colon

A

spleen

97
Q

Organ at right colic flexure, where ascending colon becomes transverse colon

A

liver (hepatic)

98
Q

Blood supply to end of transverse colon to all distal GI features?

A

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

99
Q

3 parts of small intestine superior to inferior

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

100
Q

vessel overlying the suprarenal gland on the right side of body

A

inferior vena cava

101
Q

Nerve passing through esophageal hiatus

A

vagus

102
Q

Nerve on the medial border of psoas major

A

obturator nerve

103
Q

nerve on the lateral border of psoas major

A

femoral nerve

104
Q

nerve that pierces psoas major

A

genitofemoral N

105
Q

Superficial fatty abdominal fascia

A

campers fascia

106
Q

membranous abdominal fascia (under campers)

A

scarpas fascia

107
Q

splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein drain into

A

hepatic portal vein

108
Q

Organ palpable below right intercostal margin, indicates cancer metastasis

A

Liver

109
Q

Organ in fossa on liver, behind 9th costal cartilage

A

Gallbladder

110
Q

parts of stomach

A

cardia, fundus, pylorus, body

111
Q

Retroperitoneal structures

A 
suprarenal
aorta
duodenum
pancreas
ureters
colon
kidneys
esophagus
rectum
112
Q

pancreatic tumor most likely to cause jaundice

A

pancreatic head

113
Q

Nutcracker effect vessel that crosses 3rd part of duodenum

A

superior mesenteric artery

114
Q

pleural effusion (fluid) accumulates here

A

costodiaphragmatic recess

115
Q

Has a horizontal fissure and three lobes?

A

right lung

116
Q

Has cardiac notch and 2 lobes?

A

left lung

117
Q

Most common place for a foreign body airway obstruction (wider, shorter, more verticle)?

A

right mainstem bronchis

118
Q

What helps prevent stuff from going down left bronchus?

A

Carina

119
Q

Horizontal vessel across the mediastinum

A

left brachiocephalic vein

120
Q

part of sternum broken during CPR

A

xiphoid

121
Q

True Ribs

A

1-7

Individually attach to costal cartilage

122
Q

False Ribs

A

8-10

attached as a group to costal cartilage

123
Q

Floating Ribs

A

11-12

No attachment to costal cartilage

124
Q

Order of intercostal vessels under the rib?

A

VAN
Vein, Artery, Nerve
-these are right under a rib so you always want to put a needle directly over a rib

125
Q

Muscle that raises ribs for inspriation

A

External Intercostals

126
Q

Muscles that depresses ribs for exhalation

A

Internal Intercostals

127
Q

Inspiration and expiration is active or passive?

A 
inspiration = active
expiration = passive
128
Q

Thymus, lymph nodes are in which part of mediastinum?

A

anterior

129
Q

heart, SVC, phrenic nerve are in what part of mediastinum?

A

middle

130
Q

descending aorta, esophagus, thoracic duct, azygos vein are in what part of mediastinum?

A

posterior

131
Q

Beginning of thoracic duct?

A

Cisterna Chyli

132
Q

Base of the heart location

A

3rd costal cartilage

133
Q

Apex of the heart location

A

Midclavicular, 5th intercostal space

134
Q

Valve at the opening of coronary sinus

A

thebesian valve

135
Q

valve at the opening of IVC

A

Eustachian valve

136
Q

thick myocardium, pumps blood to body

A

left ventricle

137
Q

thin myocardium, conus arteriosus, moderator band, septal band, pumps blood to lungs

A

right ventricle

138
Q

Remnant of ductus arteriosus

A

ligamentum arteriosum

139
Q

Heart valve at the right second intercostal space sternal border

A

Aortic

“all physicians take money”

140
Q

Heart valve at the left 2nd intercostal space sternal border

A

Pulmonic

“all physicians take money”

141
Q

Heart valve heard at the left 4th intercostal space sternal border

A

Tricuspid

“all physicians take money”

142
Q

Heart valve heard at the left 5th intercostal space midclavicular

A

Mitral

“all physicians take money”

143
Q

Erbs point is best for listening to

A

murmurs

144
Q

“Widowmaker”, supplies inter ventricular septum, branch of left coronary artery

A

Left Anterior Descending Artery

145
Q

Male sterilization, vasectomy ligature of what structure

A

Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens)

146
Q

Line denoting inner from outer GI tract

A

pectinate line

147
Q

Kegal exercises strengthen this muscle, urinary incontinence post childbirth

A

puborectalis (part of levator ani)

148
Q

damage to this nerve causes bowel / bladder incontinence, erectile dysfunction

A

pudenal
nerve for pudenal:
“S2-S4 Keeps pee, poo, and penis off the floor”

149
Q

Levator ani and coccygenous make up the

A

pelvic diaphragm

150
Q

muscle in scrotum

A

dartos

151
Q

raising of testicle on side of stroked thigh

A

cremaster reflex

ilioinguinal nerve and genital part of the genitofemoral nerves

152
Q

Normal position of uterus

A

Anteverted and anteflexed

153
Q

3 section of urethra in males

A

prostatic
membranous
spongy

154
Q

Muscle that composes bladder walls

A

detrusor

155
Q

gland felt on digital rectal exam

A

prostate

156
Q

structures that produce majority of ejaculate

A

seminal vesicles

157
Q

female structure analogous to scrotum

A

labia majora

158
Q

inguinal hernia location (indirect hernia)

A

inguinal canal

159
Q

location of sample taken for pap smear

A

uterine cervical os

160
Q

uterine layer shed during menstruation

A

endometrium

161
Q

most likely location of ectopic pregnancy

A

ampulla of fallopian tube

162
Q

uterine artery passes over which structure (water under the bridge)

A

Ureter (at level of cervix)

163
Q

Urethral meatus on ventral penis, defect in what tissue?

A

Hypospadias, corpus spongiosum

164
Q

Spermatic Cord Superficial -> Deep

A

Skin → dartos muscle (pulls/wrinkles scrotum) → external spermatic fascia → cremaster muscle (raises scrotum, cremaster reflex) → internal spermatic fascia → processus vaginalis (covers SC) → tunica vaginalis (covers testis)

165
Q

Sensory to spermatic cord

A

Scrotum: ilioinguinal n. (upper) and genitofemoral n- genital br (lower)

166
Q

Spermatic Cord Contents

A 
Testis
Epididymis
Cremaster
Venous plexus (pampiniform)
Testicular artery
Ductus deferens
Ilioinguinal n.
Genitofemoral b. (genital br)
167
Q

FEMALE Spermatic cord?

A

Ilioinguinal n.
Sensory to labia majora

Genitofemoral n.
Sensory to labia majora

Round Ligament of Uterus
(female version of spermatic cord)

Fat Pad

Anatomy (23 decks)

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