Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Anatomy Test #3 Lecture #4 Brain 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy Test #3 Lecture #4 Brain 3 Flashcards

1
Q

meninges

A

coverings of the brain and spinal cord
-meninges continue up the spinal cord all the way up and into the brain so it will all be enveloped in the meninges layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why do we have the meninges?

A

to protect from mechanical injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what layer of meninges attach to the gyrus

A

the Pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name the layers and what is between the layers of the meninges

A

most deep -> superficial
1. pia mater

  1. subarachnoid space- true space, filled with cerebral spinal fluid
  2. arachnoid mater
  3. subdural space- potential space (can be made, but not naturally there)
  4. dura mater
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

do the meninges protect the brain

A

yes they cover the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

epidural space in the vertebra

A

a space around the vertebral column that is filled with vertebral fat and vertebral veins for drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

epidural space in the skull

A

a potential space

between the inner table of the bone + periosteum and the dura mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what can run through the epidural space in the skull

A

small arteries, like the meningeal artery. But it really has to tunnel through because its not really a space for it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

a sheet of dura mater that covers the posterior cranial fossa and the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the tectorial notch

A

it is a notch in the tentorium cerebelli to allow passing through of the brain stem. If we didn’t have it, our brainstem would stop in the posterior fossa. But since we do it passes through and allows it to continue up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

falx cerebri

A
  • a sickle shape double fold of dura mater that has dipped down into the median longitudinal fissure. Runs from frontal lobe back to occipital lobe
  • separates your two cerebral hemispheres
  • attaches rostrally to Christa Galli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 types of CNS circulation

A

anterior circulation
-derived from our carotid arterial system (internal and common carotid). Neck arteries feed the vessels up in the brain

posterior circulation
-derived from your vertebral arterial system; aka your vertebrae arteries. These come off the subclavian artery and go through the transverse foramen to provide blood to posterior brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

anterior and posterior arterial circulations form the

A

circle of willis (found in inferior brain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the basilar artery is formed by

A

the vertebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the basilar artery as it ascends divides into the

A

posterior cerebral arteries, which then give off the posterior communicating arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The post communicating arteries continue rosturally to join the

A

internal carotid arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Note the subsequent formation of the Circle of Willis with the emergence of the ____ and ____

A

anterior cerebral arteries and the anterior communicating artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery supplies

A

the lower inferior surface of the cerebellum and the lower brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery supplies

A

the upper inferior surface of the cerebellum and the upper brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Superior cerebellar artery supplies

A

the superior surface of the cerebellum and midbrain (Netter: 139);

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Posterior cerebral artery supplies

A

the cerebral occipital lobes (Netter: 140), Med/Lat and sides of the Occipital Lobe & Inferior Temporal Lobe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Middle cerebral artery supplies

A
  1. the parietal and posterior frontal lobes (upper and lower limbs)
  2. subcortical structures
  3. the Lateral side of the brain (frontal, parietal and temporal lobes) and runs through the lateral fissure.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where do most strokes occur?

A

Middle cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Anterior cerebral artery supplies

A

the frontal lobe (lower limb only) (Netter: 138-141) Runs in Medial Longitudinal fissure. Supplies Medial cerebral cortex (frontal and parietal lobes.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

common carotid artery divides around your voice box (larynx) into

A

internal carotid artery (runs posterior)

external carotid artery (runs anterior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

external carotid artery supplies

A

your face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

internal carotid artery does what?

A

passes through the skull and forms the anterior circulation of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

the posterior cerebral artery passes through what to enter the skull and where does it enter the skull?

A

the 6 cervical transverse processes to enter the skull at the foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what does the internal carotid artery enter the skull through?

A

the carotid canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

the internal carotid artery goes up and into the skull forward and then what happens

A

it bends back to go into the circle of willis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

2 vertebral arteries come up from the subclavian artery, but when they enter the foramen magnum, what happens?

A

they combine to become a single basilar artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

the basilar artery bifurcates to form

A

the two posterior cerebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

the posterior cerebral arteries form the

A

posterior communicating arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

the posterior communicating arteries plug into

A

the internal carotid arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

the internal carotid arteries give off the

A

middle cerebral arteries

36
Q

the anterior cerebral artery continues rostrally until it turns into

A

the anterior communicating artery

37
Q

arteries of the circle of willis are unique because

A

if an artery fails, since its all anastomotic, maybe the other side can compensate and keep us running

38
Q

lenticulostriate arteries

A

come off of the middle cerebral artery

  • supply sub cortical structures. carry motor fibers
    i. e., internal capsule, and basal ganglia
39
Q

calcarine branch

A

comes off of the posterior cerebral artery. It runs in the calcrine sulcus, which is where your primary visual cortex is

40
Q

middle cerebral artery arises from which fissure

A

the Sylvian / lateral fissure

41
Q

the anterior cerebral artery runs with the

A

corpus collosum

42
Q

the anterior spinal artery

A
  • comes from the vertebral arteries

- tiny artery that runs in the median fissure of the spinal cord

43
Q

posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICA

A

supply the posterior inferior area of the cerebellum AND the lower brainstem, aka the medulla.
MOST COMMON ARTERY FOR BRAINSTEM STROKES

44
Q

the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries

A

supply the anterior inferior cerebellum AND the middle portion of the brainstem

45
Q

the labyrinthine arteries

A
  • comes off just rostral to the anterior inferior cerebellar artery
  • enters the temporal bone through internal acoustic meatus and supplies the inner ear with blood
46
Q

pontine arteries

A

supply the basis pontis of the brainstem

47
Q

superior cerebellar arteries

A

supply the superior region of the cerebellum AND your upper brainstem

48
Q

Blood is returned from the cranial cavity and brain via the

A

dural venous sinuses

49
Q

the dural venous sinuses receive blood from the

A

superficial cerebral veins

50
Q

The venous sinuses converge in the occipital region to eventually drain bilaterally into the

A

internal jugular vein

51
Q

Superficial Cerebral Veins:

A

pierce the arachnoid mater (so run in the subarachnoid space) and attach to superior the sagittal sinus in the subdural space.
-Injury here may result in a Subdural Hematoma

52
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A

venous bleed and is thus very slow, so that symptoms or signs may take several days to develop. An example of subdural hematoma occurs in babies with head trauma.

53
Q

the superficial anastomotic vein

A

a superficial cerebral vein that runs with the central sulcus

54
Q

the superficial middle cerebral vein

A

a superficial cerebral vein that runs the Sylvian fissure

55
Q

superficial cerebral veins drain into the

A

superior sagittal sinus. Once they are in here they are in the subdural space

56
Q

the superior sagittal sinus runs over the

A

falx cerebri, which runs from the frontal lobe to occipital lobe

57
Q

what runs under the falx cerebri

A

the inferior sagittal sinus

58
Q

the inferior saggital sinus eventually joins with

A

the great cerebral vein (Galen)- drains deep subcortical structures (basal gangla, thalamus, etc)

59
Q

great cerebral vein drains what? and it is going to merge with inferior saggital sinus to form the

A

drains the diencephalic area

forms the straight sinus

60
Q

occipital sinus

A
  • found in the falx cerebelli

- venous return from the cerebellum

61
Q

confluence of sinuses

A

in the occipital region where the dural veins come together

  • the superior sagittal sinus
  • the straight sinus
  • the occipital sinus
62
Q

superior sagittal sinus turns into the

A

transverse sinuses

63
Q

transverse sinuses dive deep into the posterior cranial fossa, and then make an s shape (sigmoid sinus), which drains into the ___ ____ ____ at the ____ ____

A

internal jugular vein at the jugular foramen

64
Q

the cavernous sinus

A

venous “pool” lying on either side of the body of the sphenoid - receives venous drainage from the ophthalmic veins (superior and inferior). The cavernous sinus drains into the pterygoid plexus of veins, and into the greater and lesser petrosal sinuses

65
Q

superior opthalmic vein

A

comes out of orbit and drains into SSS

66
Q

sphenoparietal sinuses

A

drains the lateral aspects of your skull

67
Q

Note the course of the petrosal sinuses as they course to terminate in the

A

sigmoid sinus

68
Q

to get blood out of the cavernous sinus we need

A

the greater petrosal sinus and the lesser petrosal sinus

69
Q

the sigmoid sinus

A

the s shape sinus that drains into the internal jugular vein

70
Q

pterygoid plexus of veins

A
  • found right inside your cheeks
  • receive drainage from emissary veins from inferior ophthalmic veins and cavernnous veins
  • drains into the internal jugular vein and external jugular vein
71
Q

the downside to the pterygoid plexus of veins

A

its an easy infection route. the pterygoid plexus flows in and out. Can lead to meningitis (infection of meninges) or encephalitis (infection of the brain)

72
Q

cerebral spinal fluid is produced in

A

cavities called the ventricles of the brain

73
Q

How many ventricles does the brain have

A

4!
2 lateral ventricles
3rd ventricle
and the 4th ventricle

74
Q

why do we have cerebrospinal fluid?

A

NUTRITION! Lots of sugar and glucose. AND MECHANICAL SUPPORT!

75
Q

CSF is produced by

A

Choroid plexus found in the ventricles

76
Q

CSF is absorbed by

A

arachnoid villi

77
Q

too much CSF in the brain is called

A

hydrocephalus- it increases the pressure in the brain

78
Q

What actually is a choroid plexus? Yes it produces CSF, but what is it?

A

a capillary tuft found in all of the ventricles

79
Q

2 lateral ventricles are found where? And what do they have?

A

one in the cerebral cortex on one side(hemisphere left), one on the cerebral cortex on the other side(hemisphere right))
they both have their own anterior, posterior and inferior horn

80
Q

To get CSF from the lateral ventricle into the third ventricle you have to pass through the

A

interventricular foramen of monroe

81
Q

to get CSF from the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle, you have to pass through the ___ ____ in the midbrain

A

the cerebral aqueduct of sylvius

82
Q

the 4th ventricle has the dorsomedian aperture (FORAMEN OF MEGINDIE). What does it do?

A

it is THE MAIN HOLE that allows CSF to escape the 4th ventricle and end up in the subarachnoid space

83
Q

the lateral foramina (the lateral foramina of luschka)

A

1 on either side of the 4th ventricle. Help allow CSF to escape the 4th ventricle and enter the subarachnoid space

84
Q

Hydrocephalis

A

increased cranial pressure because you still produce CSF but the foramen of megindie won’t drain.

85
Q

CSF absorption occurs at arachnoid villa through

A

granulations

86
Q

the CSF absorbed by arachnoid villi goes into venous blood in the

A

superior sagittal sinus

87
Q

arachnoid villa can become hard and granular as people age. These are then called pacchonian bodies. Effects of pacchonian bodies =

A

could result in increased cranial pressure and hydrocephalus

Anatomy (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions