Anatomy Test #3 lecture #8 Flashcards
Anterior Cervical Triangle
Body of Mandible (top)
Sternocleidomastoid (lateral)
Midline of the Neck (medial)
Infrahyoid muscles
Omohyoid- Sup. Belly
Omohyoid- Inf. Belly
Sternohyoid ( runs vertically with omohyoids, just more medially)
Thyrohyoid (deep)
Sternothyroid (sternum to thyroid cartilage)
head goes forward then it snaps back (car accident)
infra hyoid muscles
bring throat back in after swolling
infrahyoid muscles innervation
Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3)
Supplies 3 Infrahyoid Muscles
Exception: Thyrohyoid-C1 via the Hypoglossal Nerve
cervical plexus
Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3) Lesser Occipital N. Greater Auricular N. Transverse Cervical N. Supraclavicular N. Phrenic Nerve (C3-C5)
Supraclavicular N.
general sensation to the area….?
phrenic nerve
“the most important nerve in the body”
mixed nerve supplied by C3, C4, C5
supplies the diaphragm, which does 80-85% of the breathing
visceral structures are covered with
with Pre-Tracheal Fascia
thyroid gland issmus
goes back and forth between the two thyroid lobes
Contents of the Carotid Sheath (Derived from Pre-tracheal Fascia)
Internal Jugular Vein (most lateral)
vagus nerve (CN X) (between and behind)
Common carotid artery (most medial)
kind of make a triangle
which structures are covered with Pre-Tracheal Fascia
-covers thyroid, larynx, IJV, common carotid artery, vagus nerve, lower portion of pharynx, cervical portion of esophagus and Trachea-Cervical Portion
describe the thyroid
thyroid gland is lobulated, has two lateral lobes, and has an issmus between the two
what is the function of the parathyroid gland?
regulate blood calcium
Secretes PTH (Parathyroid Hormone)- tells bones to release calcium back into the blood
if not enough, they contract
ANTERIOR TRIANGLE
mandible (top and base)
midline of neck (medial side)
sternocleidomastoid (lateral side)
Submental Triangle
Ant. Belly of Digastric, Hyoid body (line down middle to make right/left triangles.), then the anterior belly of the digastric forms each side of the triangle.
-Contents: mylohyoid and submental lymph nodes, geniohyoids, external jugular vein
Subdivision of the Anterior Cervical Triangle
Carotid Triangle
SCM, stylohyoid, post. Belly of the digastric, sup. Belly of omohyoid
- Contents: common carotid artery and its bifurcation, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, carotid sheath, and first 5 branches of the external carotid artery
Subdivision of the Anterior Cervical Triangle
Muscular Triangle
sup. Belly of the omohyoid, SCM, imaginary line down median aspect of neck.
- Infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland (and parathyroids) with blood supply and venous drainage, cervical portion of the trachea, pre-tracheal fascia
Subdivision of the Anterior Cervical Triangle
Muscular Triangle
sup. Belly of the omohyoid, SCM, imaginary line down median aspect of neck.
- Infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland (and parathyroids) with blood supply and venous drainage, cervical portion of the trachea, pre-tracheal fascia
Subdivision of the Anterior Cervical Triangle
Contents of the Carotid Sheath : what happens to the common carotid artery here?
Bifurcations of both Common Carotid Arteries (arteries going up)
External Carotid Artery (runs in anterior)
Internal Carotid Artery (runs posterior)
Carotid Sinus
a bulging of the common carotid
Wall contains Baroreceptors
-Baroreceptors monitor BP (blood pressure)
What do the first 5 of 8 External Carotid Artery branches supply: Superior Thyroid Artery Ascending Pharyngeal artery Lingual artery Facial Artery Occipital artery
Superior Thyroid Artery- supplies thyroid gland
Ascending Pharyngeal artery- supplies pharynx/ throat
Lingual artery- supplies tongue
Facial Artery - supplies face
Occipital artery - supplies back of your head
does internal carotid artery have any branches in neck?
no
Right subclavian artery comes from
From: Brachiocephalic Trunk (BCT)
left subclavian artery comes from
From: Aortic Arch.
Internal Jugular Veins combine with Subclavian Veins to form:
Left & Right Brachiocephalic Veins (BCV)
brachialcephalic veins drain into
superior vena cava
anterior jugular vein drains, and they terminate in
the area under your chin
they terminate in the external jugular vein
where does common carotid bifurcate?
at about the top of your voice box, larynx
the internal carotid artery runs
posterior
the external caroitid artery runs
anterior
anterior branch of external carotid artery includes
- ) superior thyroid artery-along with the inferior thyroid, supplies the thyroid gland
- ) lingual artery- runs under the hyoglossus muscle and supplies the tongue
- ) fascial artery- - runs in the submandibular triangle to supply the external portion of the face
posterior branch of external carotid artery includes
- ) occipital artery- runs posterior and upward to supply the back of the head
- ) posterior auricular artery- runs posterior and behind the ear
middle branch of external carotid artery includes
- ) ascending pharyngeal- ascends deeply on the pharyngeal wall
- ) superficial temporal- (terminal branch) runs superficially over the temporal area
- ) maxillary artery (deep in cheek)- courses deep and is the only branch of the external carotid artery that gives rise to a branch that enters the skull (middle meningeal artery) (Netter: 39) via the infratemporal fossa (Netter: 39). The maxillary artery enters the infratemporal fossa and gives of some 17 branches that supply the muscles of mastication, the nasal cavity and head and external structures.
philtrim
the depression that exists above upper lip, and the two ridges on either side
superior labial frenulum
connects upper lip to upper gum
inferior labial frenulum
connects lower lip to lower gum
Lips blend with
Blend with skin externally
Blend with mucosa internally
Lips:
2 Angles of the Mouth
Labial commissures
Orbicularis Oris
mouth by definition begins and ends where?
begins at your lips Ends at the Palatoglossal Folds
Oral Cavity Proper
portion of the mouth inside the teeth & gums -towards the back
Palate
Tongue
Buccal Cavity-portion of the mouth between:
Gums/Teeth & Lips Anteriorly
Gums/Teeth & Cheeks laterally
Cheeks-Formed by the
Buccinator (pronounced buxinator)
-outside is skin, inside is mucosa of cheeck
Buccinator is innervated by
Innervation: CN VII
Pterygomandibular raphe
between Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor & Buccinator
Mouth boundaries
Roof: Hard & Soft Palates
Floor: Tongue
Subfloor-Lingual Frenulum & Sublingual Folds
what supplies General sensation to the mouth?
Trigeminal Nerve (V2 & V3): V2 supplies palate and upper teeth and gums (alveoli- the sockets the teeth fit into) V3 supplies lower teeth and gums (alveoli), subfloor, and anterior 2/3 tongue
Tongue and Palate contain glands that secrete mucus
helps food go down easier
Teeth- how many baby? how many permanent?
20 Deciduous Teeth (baby)
32 Permanent Teeth (permanent)
Describe the adult upper and middle teeth
Adult: Upper & Lower = the same
4 incisors -in the front
2 canines - behind the incisors (one on each side)
4 premolars- behind the canines ( 2 on each side)
6 molars- so three on each side (label most ant-> post)
what is your wisdom tooth?
3rd molar
How many teeth on top? Bottom?
16 on top, 16 on bottom
Mouth parts Body (Blade) Median Furrow Root with Lingual Tonsil Foramen Cecum
Body (Blade)
Median Furrow (the line down the middle of the tongue)
Root(towards the back) with Lingual Tonsil
Foramen Cecum - the little depression between the body and root of the tongue
3 types of Papillae of the tongue
Circumvalate (between ant and post portion of tongue)
Fungiform (lateral parts of tongue)
Filiform (all over the tongue)
What are papillae of tongue?
tastebuds
Tongue Muscles (Covered by Mucosa)- two groups and how many in each group?
Intrinsic Muscles (3 groups) Extrinsic Muscles (4 pairs)
Intrinsic Muscles of tongue names
Longitudinal- decrease length, increase width
Transverse- increase length, decrease width
Vertical- smooshes it and makes it wide
intrinsic muscles of the tongue function
Alter the shape of the tongue
extensor muscle of the tongue
a. Genioglossus – stick out tongue
b. Hyoglossus – depresses tongue “ahhhh”
c. Styloglossus – creates funnel
d. Palatoglossus – initiates swallowing (CN X)
muscles of tongue are innervated by? with the exception of which muscle which is supplied by…
Motor Innervations: Hypoglossal N. (CN XII, 12)
Exception: Palatoglossus-Vagus N. (CN X)
General Sensation to Anterior 2/3 of tongue
CN V. (5) V3 via the Lingual Nerve
Taste to Anterior 2/3 of tongue
CN VII Chorda Tympani Nerve
Taste & Gen. Sensation to Posterior 1/3 of tongue:
Glossopharyngeal-CN IX Lingual Branch
3 Pairs of Salivary Glands
Parotid-2 (biggest)
Submandibular-2
Sublingual-2
parotid duct
comes own of parotid gland
Crosses the Masseter
Pierces the Buccinator
Opens into the buccal cavity by the 2nd upper molar tooth.
Parotid - how does it drain into the mouth and what nerve?
drains into the mouth via the parotid duct, which opens into the buccal cavity opposite the upper second molar tooth; CN IX
Submandibular - drains into mouth via ? What nerve?
drains into the mouth at the sublingual caruncle via the
submandibular duct, which may be seen coursing over the mylohyoid muscle and passing over the lingual nerve; CN VII via corda tympani branch
Sublingual - drains into mouth via? What nerve?
drains into the mouth (below the tongue) via numerous sublingual ducts in the sublingual folds.
CN VII via corda ttympani branch.
Lingual Frenulum
Note: Sublingual Caruncles
thin piece of tissue that joins tongue to the subfloor.
sublingual caruncles-the thick part that has a little tiny openings on each side… these are sublingual ducts. When you open mouth and squirt stuff out
Hard Palate is formed by
Palatine Process of the Maxillary Bone
Horizontal Plate of the Palatine Bone
Incisive Fossa is for the
Nasopalatine Nerve (V2). Supplies sensation for inferior portion of septum
anastomosis in the nose nerves is between which two?
Nasopalatine Nerve (V2) & Greater Palatine N (hard palate) as they pass the incisive fossa
What happens when the maxilla does not close along the midline?
cleft lip, and cleft pallate
Soft Palate is
Skeletal Muscles, covered by Mucosa
Soft Palate (5 Pairs of Muscles)
Levator Veli Palatini Tensor Veli Palatini Palatopharyngeus Palatoglossus Musculus Uvuli
Tensor veli palatini –
originates from Eustactian tube, around HAMULUS (of
medial pterygoid) and join in middle at palatine aponeurosis. Compacts food for easier swallowing.
Levator veli palatini –
elevates palate. Acts as valve to close off oral pharynx from nasal pharynx.
Palatopharyngeus –
funnels food for swallowing
Palatoglossus –
lift the tongue to push food to back of throat…iniates swallowing.
Musculus uvuli –
main part of valve, actual part that closes off nasal passage.
The soft palate has 4 anatomical landmarks associated with it
- Palatoglossal fold (arch) - runs from the soft palate to the tongue; helps narrow entrance to make it easier to swallow
- Palatopharyngeal fold (arch) - runs from the soft palate to the pharynx; helps narrow entrance to make it easier to swallow
- Uvula - hangs down in the oropharyngeal orifice from the soft palate. Makes sure food doesn’t go up and out your nose
- Palatine Tonsils
soft palate of tongue is innervated by *note exception
Innervations: Vagus Nerve
Exception: Tensor Veli Palatini is innervated by branches of V3
Soft Palate and hard palate-General Sensation
V2 Branches
Greater Palatine Nerve = General Sensation to the Hard Palate
Lesser Palatine Nerve = General Sensation to the Soft Palate
_____ supplies blood the Hard Palate
____ supplies blood to the Soft Palate
Greater Palatine Artery = hard palate
Lesser Palatine Artery = soft palate
Palatopharyngeal fold (arch) is behind the
Palatoglossal fold (arch)
tonsillar arches (or fauces) are the
Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds
tonsillar recess
Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds
