Slideshow 4

Question 1

what is cancer at its core

Answer 1

unregulated or unchecked cell division

Question 2

What does haplosufficient and haploinsufficient describe

Answer 2

used to describe genes with respect to a specific trait

Question 3

what are the two ways genes predispose an individual to cancer

Answer 3

Oncogens and tumor suppresor genes

Question 4

Oncogens are haplosufficient or haploinsufficient

Answer 4

haploinsufficient

Question 5

TUmor suppresor genes are haplosufficient or haploinsufficient

Answer 5

haplo sufficient

Question 6

where is the barrier

Answer 6

between G1 and S

Question 7

what happens in oncogens

Answer 7

one wild type is not enough to fight it off

Question 8

what happens in tumor suppresor genes

Answer 8

one wild type is enough to fight it off

Question 9

what geneotype leads to cancer in oncogens and tumor suppresor genes

Answer 9

in oncogens: A:a or a:a
in tumor sg: only a:a

Question 10

Retinoblastoma 1 is a what , and what does that mean

Answer 10

tumor suppresor gene, both alleles must be mutant to initiate tumor growth

Question 11

WHy is one mutant allele not enough to bring about retinoblastoma

Answer 11

one dose of RB protein is enough to inhibit EZF action

Question 12

Hereditary def

Answer 12

started with a strike against you (+,-) and turned to (-,-)

Question 13

non-hereditary def

Answer 13

started with no strikes, both mutated (+,+), turned to (-,-)

Question 14

sex chromosomes found how in male?

Answer 14

In at least 2 distinct forms

Question 15

Pseudoautosomal region allow for what

Answer 15

regions of both sez chromosomes allow the distinct sex chromosomes to find each other in the heterogametic sex and synapse in prophase 1

Question 16

Autosomes ? describe chromosomes

Answer 16

of equal length in pairs

Question 17

Sex chromosomes? describe

Answer 17

of different lengths in male vs female

Question 18

What happens at the telomeres of X and Y sex chromosomes

Answer 18

the sequences are identical

Question 19

Metaphase II big idea

Answer 19

chromosomes lline up with their pairs (X with Y)

Question 20

non disjunction def

Answer 20

occurs at metaphase II if X and Y do not pair and one side pulls both X and Y into one gamete

Question 21

what can non disjunction cause

Answer 21

trisomy 21 (DS)

Question 22

what is trisomy 21

Answer 22

down syndrome

Question 23

Hemizygosity def

Answer 23

having only one allele of a gene of interest
ex: Xa/Y is hemizygous for the A allele because there is no a in y and nothing to compare

Question 24

In mammals what happens after prophase I in females

Answer 24

can be frozen until ovulation

Question 25

in mammals what happens after metaphase in females

Answer 25

can be frozen until a sperm comes

Question 26

sex linked traits def

Answer 26

a trait whose phenotype is determined by a gene on a sex chromosome

Question 27

x-linked traits def

Answer 27

a trait whose phenotype in individuals is determined by a gene on the X chromosomes

Question 28

Y linked traits def

Answer 28

a trait whose phenotype in individuals is determined by a gene on the Y chromosome