Slideshow 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is cancer at its core

A

unregulated or unchecked cell division

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2
Q

What does haplosufficient and haploinsufficient describe

A

used to describe genes with respect to a specific trait

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3
Q

what are the two ways genes predispose an individual to cancer

A

Oncogens and tumor suppresor genes

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4
Q

Oncogens are haplosufficient or haploinsufficient

A

haploinsufficient

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5
Q

TUmor suppresor genes are haplosufficient or haploinsufficient

A

haplo sufficient

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6
Q

where is the barrier

A

between G1 and S

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7
Q

what happens in oncogens

A

one wild type is not enough to fight it off

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8
Q

what happens in tumor suppresor genes

A

one wild type is enough to fight it off

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9
Q

what geneotype leads to cancer in oncogens and tumor suppresor genes

A

in oncogens: A:a or a:a
in tumor sg: only a:a

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10
Q

Retinoblastoma 1 is a what , and what does that mean

A

tumor suppresor gene, both alleles must be mutant to initiate tumor growth

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11
Q

WHy is one mutant allele not enough to bring about retinoblastoma

A

one dose of RB protein is enough to inhibit EZF action

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12
Q

Hereditary def

A

started with a strike against you (+,-) and turned to (-,-)

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13
Q

non-hereditary def

A

started with no strikes, both mutated (+,+), turned to (-,-)

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14
Q

sex chromosomes found how in male?

A

In at least 2 distinct forms

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15
Q

Pseudoautosomal region allow for what

A

regions of both sez chromosomes allow the distinct sex chromosomes to find each other in the heterogametic sex and synapse in prophase 1

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16
Q

Autosomes ? describe chromosomes

A

of equal length in pairs

17
Q

Sex chromosomes? describe

A

of different lengths in male vs female

18
Q

What happens at the telomeres of X and Y sex chromosomes

A

the sequences are identical

19
Q

Metaphase II big idea

A

chromosomes lline up with their pairs (X with Y)

20
Q

non disjunction def

A

occurs at metaphase II if X and Y do not pair and one side pulls both X and Y into one gamete

21
Q

what can non disjunction cause

A

trisomy 21 (DS)

22
Q

what is trisomy 21

A

down syndrome

23
Q

Hemizygosity def

A

having only one allele of a gene of interest
ex: Xa/Y is hemizygous for the A allele because there is no a in y and nothing to compare

24
Q

In mammals what happens after prophase I in females

A

can be frozen until ovulation

25
Q

in mammals what happens after metaphase in females

A

can be frozen until a sperm comes

26
Q

sex linked traits def

A

a trait whose phenotype is determined by a gene on a sex chromosome

27
Q

x-linked traits def

A

a trait whose phenotype in individuals is determined by a gene on the X chromosomes

28
Q

Y linked traits def

A

a trait whose phenotype in individuals is determined by a gene on the Y chromosome