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Genetics > Slideshow 10 > Flashcards

Slideshow 10 Flashcards

1
Q

3 properties of DNA

A

Informational
Replicable
Mutable

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2
Q

Informational def

A

provides the info needed to produce certain molecules

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3
Q

replicable def

A

can be copied for transmission to other cells and generations

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4
Q

mutable def

A

Its replication/copying process is not error free

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5
Q

what used to be the two leading contneders for the heritable molecule

A

protein or dna

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6
Q

Who did a more intnese and specific test of Grittiths test

A

Aver, Macleod, and McCarty in 1944

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7
Q

5 components of S strain were

A

Polysaccharides, Lipids, RNA, Protein, and DNA

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8
Q

when what was destroyed did the mouse live

A

DNA led to a living mouse with no live S strain in it

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9
Q

What is DNA responsible for

A

for transformation, and also determining phenotype

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10
Q

What did Hershey and CHase do and when?

A

IN 1952 they confirmed in 2 seperate tests that DNA was the heretible molecule

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11
Q

2 tests of hershey and chase

A

Testing proteins and then testing DNA

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12
Q

what happened when testing the radiolabelled protein

A

no radioactivity entereed the cell. and Phage bodies were radioactive.

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13
Q

what happened when testing the radiolabelled DNA

A

Radioactivity entered the cell. And then the bacteria was radioactive.

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14
Q

conclusion of hershey and chases test

A

that proteins are not genetic material, but DNA is

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15
Q

DNA stands for

A

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

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16
Q

Nucleotide def

A

The monomer of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

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17
Q

what is in nucleotide

A

donsists of a phosphate group, sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and a nitrogenout base (A,C,T,G, or U)

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18
Q

A is

A

Adenine

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19
Q

G is

A

Guanine

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20
Q

C is

A

Cytosine

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21
Q

T is

A

Thymine

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22
Q

Purines are what (names)

A

Adenine and Guanine

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23
Q

Purines def

A

A nucleotide that is relatively wider, with two carbon-nitrogen rings

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24
Q

Pyrimidine are what (names)

A

CYtosine, and Thymine (U too)

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25
Pyrmidine def
A nucleotide that is relatively narrower, with one carbon nitrogen ring
26
Complementary base pairs def
nitrogen bases that pair with each other via hydrogen bonds, formin dsDNA
27
WHat are the base pairs, and how many bonds
C with G (3 bonds) A with T (2 bonds)
28
What does 5' to 3' mean
the orientation of a nucleic acid strond based on the positions of the 5' and 3' carbonds at the ends of the polymer
29
which way do the primes go
5 to 3
30
Antiparallel def in dsDNA
the 2 strands are parallel but have opposit 5 to 3 polarities
31
is dsDNA antiparallel or parallel
Antiparallel
32
ATP stands for
Adenosine Triphosphate
33
how many phosphate groups does atp have
3
34
What did Chargaff defend in 1952
he provided evidence for the double stranded nature of DNA using sea urchins
35
Chargaffs rules
A = T+C = G A+C = G+T A+T /=/ C+G
36
what can sequences be rich in
either a and t OR c and g
37
what type of manner does DNA replicate in
a semi conservative manner
38
B-DNA is what
the energetically stable form
39
Know about grooves
Major (larger area and more info) Minor (smaller and hardly any infor)
40
Helicase def
melts dsDNA into template strands
41
Gyrase def
keeps DNA about to be melted straight/untangled
42
Replication fork def
the current position of helicase, at the border between melted and unmelted DNA
43
Single Stranded binding protein def (SSBP)
Prevents reannealing of separated template strands
44
LEading and lagging strands
the 2 template strands
45
DNA polymerase III def
the enzyme responsible for the majority of daughter strand synthesis
46
primase def
an enzyme that adds RNA primers to template strands
47
RNA primer def
short RNA sequence that provides a short double stranded fragment to which DNA pol III ataches
48
DNA Polymerase I def
an enzyme that removes the RNA primer and replaces with DNA nucleotides
49
DNA ligase def
an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a missing phosphodiester bond
50
DNA Polymerases construct in what direction
5 to 3
51
what is the replisome simply
a complex molecular machine
52
replisome def
the collection of molecules responsible for DNA replication
53
what is the clamp loader do
it is permanetly attached to the bases and produces the needed open clamps
54
Is leading strand straight or curved
straight
55
is lacking strand straight or curved
curved
56
What does prokaryotic DNA replication require
2 replisomes and 1 orgin of replication
57
3 engineering challenges of DNA replication
1. Lots of DnA to copy 2. proteins are in the way 3. the telomeres lose length
58
What is the solution for lots of DNA
add lots of orgins of replication
59
what is the solution for proteins being in the way
Temporarily lose the histones
60
what is the solution fo the telomeres losing length
a ribonucleoprotein telomerase helps prevent it in germline cells and cancer cells
61
What does the telomerase do
makes the overhang even longer and gives a "buffer"

Genetics (15 decks)

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