Slideshow 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

specialization of cells in a multicellular organism is largely dictated by what

A

which genes are expressed

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2
Q

the gene control region of uekaryotic genes includes what

A

a variety of cis regularoty sequences

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3
Q

transcription regulators def

A

a molecule that controls/regulates transcription

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4
Q

transcription factors def

A

proteins that bind specific DNA sequences, they activate or repress transcription

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5
Q

Epigenetic regulators

A

molecules that affect chromatin structure

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6
Q

cis-regulatory element def

A

the sequence recognized and bound by a TF

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7
Q

general TF def

A

necessary for expression of any gene

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8
Q

specific TF def

A

binds CRE’s necessary for expression of a subset of genes

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8
Q

co activators def

A

regulatory proteins that do not bind DNA

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9
Q

CRE def

A

Cis regulatory element

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9
Q

What do transcription regulators bind to and do

A

bind DNA and are trans acting,

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10
Q

what can aid the Transcription regulators binding to DNA

A

coregulators

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11
Q

transacting def

A

can potentially control gene expression on any chromosome

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12
Q

cis acting def

A

they can only regulate expression of a gene to which they are closely linked

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13
Q

what is cis acting

A

CREs

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14
Q

cooperative binding is of what

A

transcription factors. The little proteins help each other bind. or they use a coactivator like a bridge to help them bind

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15
Q

DNA looping def

A

brings the activation domain of a distinctly bound TF closer to the promoter, where it can be effectiv at recruiting general TFs

16
Q

What is bound in DNA looping

A

general TF, RNA pol, mediator, chromatin remodeling complexes, and histone modifying enzymes

17
Q

mediator def

A

a large co activator that integrates the signals from a variety of TFs

18
Q

Specific TF that are repressors def in relation to DNA looping

A

prevent transcription using various tactics

19
Q

Competitive DNA binding

A

is when theres overlapping CREs

20
Q

Masking the activation surface def

A

when the activator and repressor “kiss”

21
Q

direct interaction with the general TFs

A

both the activator and the repressor interact with a Transcription Factor

22
Q

recruitement of chromatin remodeling complexes

A

leads to remodeled nuclesomes

23
Q

recruitement of histone deacetylases

A

creates histone acetylations on the chromatin

24
Q

recruitement of histone methyl transferase

A

does just that. the activator recruits those and they attach to chromatin

25
Q

what are the 6 steps of what activators and repressors can encounter/do

A

A. competitive CRE binding,
B. masking the actration surface
C. direct interaction with the general TFs
D. recruitment of chromatin remodeling complexes
E. REcruitment of histone deacetylases
F. REcruitment of histone methyl transferase

26
Q

chromatin structure does what

A

plays a large role in regualting eukaryotic gene regulation

27
Q

What does breathing refer to

A

when the histone core moves a bit and creates and open form that allows for a transcription regulator to bind to the Cis REgulatory sequence.

28
Q

how often does the open form of a histone core occur

A

about 1/20th of the time

29
Q

w=nucleosome occupancy

A

which DNA is wrapped about the histone core

30
Q

what happens when a TR destabliizes the nucleosome

A

it binds another

31
Q

the modular architecture of the gene control region is often what

A

evident

32
Q

what does the modular architecture of the gene control region faciliate

A

fine tuned regulation

33
Q

is the gene control region a binary switch

A

no

34
Q

what do the large number of binding sites allow for in the gene control region

A

much more than just ON/OFF

35
Q

enhancers def

A

cis regulatory modules, are collections of CRE’s the regulate the expression of a gene under different conditions including time and space

36
Q

DNA sequences named insulators do what

A

they have insulator binding proteins and they isolate genes and their control regions

37
Q

what do insulators do

A

basically seperate genes (with their CRE) from each other.
this means 1 CRE cant affect 2 different genes

38
Q
A