Slideshow 15

Question 1

specialization of cells in a multicellular organism is largely dictated by what

Answer 1

which genes are expressed

Question 2

the gene control region of uekaryotic genes includes what

Answer 2

a variety of cis regularoty sequences

Question 3

transcription regulators def

Answer 3

a molecule that controls/regulates transcription

Question 4

transcription factors def

Answer 4

proteins that bind specific DNA sequences, they activate or repress transcription

Question 5

Epigenetic regulators

Answer 5

molecules that affect chromatin structure

Question 6

cis-regulatory element def

Answer 6

the sequence recognized and bound by a TF

Question 7

general TF def

Answer 7

necessary for expression of any gene

Question 8

specific TF def

Answer 8

binds CRE’s necessary for expression of a subset of genes

Question 8

co activators def

Answer 8

regulatory proteins that do not bind DNA

Question 9

CRE def

Answer 9

Cis regulatory element

Question 9

What do transcription regulators bind to and do

Answer 9

bind DNA and are trans acting,

Question 10

what can aid the Transcription regulators binding to DNA

Answer 10

coregulators

Question 11

transacting def

Answer 11

can potentially control gene expression on any chromosome

Question 12

cis acting def

Answer 12

they can only regulate expression of a gene to which they are closely linked

Question 13

what is cis acting

Answer 13

CREs

Question 14

cooperative binding is of what

Answer 14

transcription factors. The little proteins help each other bind. or they use a coactivator like a bridge to help them bind

Question 15

DNA looping def

Answer 15

brings the activation domain of a distinctly bound TF closer to the promoter, where it can be effectiv at recruiting general TFs

Question 16

What is bound in DNA looping

Answer 16

general TF, RNA pol, mediator, chromatin remodeling complexes, and histone modifying enzymes

Question 17

mediator def

Answer 17

a large co activator that integrates the signals from a variety of TFs

Question 18

Specific TF that are repressors def in relation to DNA looping

Answer 18

prevent transcription using various tactics

Question 19

Competitive DNA binding

Answer 19

is when theres overlapping CREs

Question 20

Masking the activation surface def

Answer 20

when the activator and repressor “kiss”

Question 21

direct interaction with the general TFs

Answer 21

both the activator and the repressor interact with a Transcription Factor

Question 22

recruitement of chromatin remodeling complexes

Answer 22

leads to remodeled nuclesomes

Question 23

recruitement of histone deacetylases

Answer 23

creates histone acetylations on the chromatin

Question 24

recruitement of histone methyl transferase

Answer 24

does just that. the activator recruits those and they attach to chromatin

Question 25

what are the 6 steps of what activators and repressors can encounter/do

Answer 25

A. competitive CRE binding,
B. masking the actration surface
C. direct interaction with the general TFs
D. recruitment of chromatin remodeling complexes
E. REcruitment of histone deacetylases
F. REcruitment of histone methyl transferase

Question 26

chromatin structure does what

Answer 26

plays a large role in regualting eukaryotic gene regulation

Question 27

What does breathing refer to

Answer 27

when the histone core moves a bit and creates and open form that allows for a transcription regulator to bind to the Cis REgulatory sequence.

Question 28

how often does the open form of a histone core occur

Answer 28

about 1/20th of the time

Question 29

w=nucleosome occupancy

Answer 29

which DNA is wrapped about the histone core

Question 30

what happens when a TR destabliizes the nucleosome

Answer 30

it binds another

Question 31

the modular architecture of the gene control region is often what

Answer 31

evident

Question 32

what does the modular architecture of the gene control region faciliate

Answer 32

fine tuned regulation

Question 33

is the gene control region a binary switch

Answer 33

no

Question 34

what do the large number of binding sites allow for in the gene control region

Answer 34

much more than just ON/OFF

Question 35

enhancers def

Answer 35

cis regulatory modules, are collections of CRE’s the regulate the expression of a gene under different conditions including time and space

Question 36

DNA sequences named insulators do what

Answer 36

they have insulator binding proteins and they isolate genes and their control regions

Question 37

what do insulators do

Answer 37

basically seperate genes (with their CRE) from each other.
this means 1 CRE cant affect 2 different genes