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Genetics > Slideshow 2 > Flashcards

Slideshow 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Ploidy def

A

the # of full sets of chromosomes in the nucleus

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2
Q

Homologous chromosomes def

A

ones that are the same and bear same genes in the same order

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3
Q

Genome def

A

collection of all genes in haploid

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4
Q

how do you represent a ploidy

A

represented in terms of n

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5
Q

gamete + gamete is equal to what

A

zygote

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6
Q

polypoid

A

more than 2 full sets of chromosomes in the nucleus

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7
Q

what is n

A

n holds the species specific # of chromosomes in a species genome

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8
Q

n is what

A

a haploid cell

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9
Q

2n is what

A

a diploid cell

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10
Q

homosapiens ploidy

A

23 (46)

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11
Q

what is a gamete

A

a haploid cell

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12
Q

what is a zygote

A

a diploid cell

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13
Q

The cell cycle of eukaryotic cells includes what 2 main sections

A
  1. interphase
  2. cell division
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14
Q

What are the 3 steps of interphase

A

G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase

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15
Q

What happens in G1 phase

A

cell is doing its thang

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16
Q

what happens S PHase

A

Synthesis
the DNA is doubled

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17
Q

What happens in the G2 phase

A

making lots of extra organelles, meaning the double everything else

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18
Q

What happens after G2,

A

the cell divides

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19
Q

what are the steps of cell division in a eukaryotic cell

A

Prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
cytokinesis

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20
Q

what is cytokinesis

A

the moment in time where 1 becomes 2

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21
Q

if mitosis starts with 4n, what does each daughter cell end with? how many daughter cells?

A

2 daughter cells with the same ploidy as the parent cell. so each has 4n

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22
Q

if meiosis starts with 2n, what does each daughter cell end with ? how many daughter cells are there?

A

4 daughter cells each with half the ploidy of the parent cell. so each has n

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23
Q

DNA replication is when one chromatid does what

A

duplicates and becomes two sister chromatids

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24
Q

what are sister chromatids held together by

A

a protein complex named “cohesion complex”

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25
paternal and maternal chromatids are what in relation to each other
they are non sister chromatids but are a homologous pair
26
somatic cell def
the cells of the "body"
27
what process do somatic cells go through
mitosis
28
meiocyte def, where is it ?
part of the germline can go through mitosis and meiosis
29
what is meiosis for in a meiocyte
gametogenesis
30
what is the importance of DNA replication?
necessary for viable daughter cells. they need the same ploidy number
31
Chromatin def
the material from which eukaryotic chromosmes is made
32
what image helps describe chromatin?
beads on a string
33
percentages that make up a chromatin
60 % histone proteins and 40 % DNA
34
What is the beads on a string? why do they do it?
DNA is wrapped around the collection of histone proteins in the histone core . They do this to save space . THINK OF FRUIT ROLL UP ANALOGY
35
centromere def
where cohesion complex is, also just the indented portion of the chromosome
36
where is the cohesion complex
the centromere
37
telomere def
the two ends of a linear chromosome
38
chromosome arms def
the two sections of the chromosome . short arm is p and long arm is q in humans
39
karyotype def
is an illustration that shows the haploid or diploid complement of chromosomes from a species cell
40
what are chromosomes 1-22 considered in the human
autosomes
41
what is chromosome 23 in the human
sex chromosome
42
what does the human karyotype show
all 23 chromosomes
43
what does chromosome 23 determine
sex at birth
44
Mitosis 5 phases
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
45
what happens in interphase of mitosis
g1, s, g2
46
what happens in prophase of mitosis
condensation of chromosomes, MTOCS form at the poles, nucleus has disolved
47
what happens in metaphase of mitosis
microtubules grow out of MTOC chromosomes reach the equator
48
what happens in anaphase of mitosis
sister chromatids separate
49
what happens in telophase of mitosis
chromosomes reach poles nuclei reform
50
What does MTOC stand for ?
microtubule organizing center
51
Another name for Centrosome ?
MTOC
52
Kinetochore def
a complex of proteins that assemble at the centromere and serve as attatchment points for spindle fibers
53
microtubule is also called ?
spindle fiber
54
what is a microtuble?
a polymer of the protein tubulin (chain)
55
Meiosis is 2n into what
n n n n
56
Is there two stages of meiosis or mitosis ?
meiosis
57
when does synapsis occur
during prophase I of meiosis
58
what is synapsis
when chromatids of homologous chromosomes entangle with and attach to each otherand switch sections of material
59
what are chromatids called that underwent synapsis
recombinant chromatids
60
synaptonemal complex def
a protein complex that gives together the homologous chromosomes
61
Chiasma def
a point of crossover during synapsis
62
does the chromosome physicall switch material ever ? if yes, when?
during synapsis.at the chiasma
63
What is another name for meiosis I
reduction division
64
What happens in Metaphase I of meiosis
the chromosomes line up like a tetrad, not a line like mitosis
65
what is another name for meiosis II
mitosis like division
66

Genetics (15 decks)

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