Slideshow 14

Question 1

What is gene regulation?

Answer 1

gene regulations controls which genes are expressed

Question 2

What are 3 circumstances that require regulation of gene expression

Answer 2

1. different cell types require different proteins
2. starvation
3. pathogens

Question 3

what is another thing we can call a genes promoter

Answer 3

the gatekeeper

Question 4

what types of molecules are necessary to regulate gene expression

Answer 4

almost all proteins

Question 5

what are the types of proteins that are necessary to regulate gene expression

Answer 5

Activators and Repressors

Question 6

Activators def

Answer 6

promote binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter

Question 7

Repressors def

Answer 7

prevent or make less likely the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter

Question 8

Activators are responsible for

Answer 8

positive regulation

Question 9

REpressors are responsible for

Answer 9

negative regulation

Question 10

+ regulation little def is what

Answer 10

presence of activator allows for expression

Question 11

• regulation little def is what

Answer 11

absence of repressor allows for expression

Question 12

allosteric site def

Answer 12

binds a molecule that changed the shape of the protein, and ultimately the affinity of the DNA binding domain for DNA

Question 13

DNA binding domain def

Answer 13

provides activator/repressor with the ability to bind DNA regulatory elements

Question 14

Conformational change def

Answer 14

of the protein results when the allosteric site is bound.

Question 15

what does conformational change allow for

Answer 15

the allosteric site to work as an on/off switch

Question 16

operon def

Answer 16

a cluster of multiple genes regulated by a single promoter

Question 17

what is “its a bacterial thing” reffering to

Answer 17

the operon

Question 18

What did JAcob and Monod do

Answer 18

worked out and discovered the genetic switch

Question 19

what is lactose made up of

Answer 19

glucose and galactose

Question 20

B galactosidase does what

Answer 20

splits up the lactose

Question 21

lacZ does what

Answer 21

codes for B galactosidase

Question 22

lacY does what

Answer 22

codes for permease

Question 23

permease def

Answer 23

transports lactose into the cell

Question 24

what can the operator bind to

Answer 24

the repressor

Question 25

what can the CAP bind to

Answer 25

the activator

Question 26

lac I def

Answer 26

is constitutively expressed. it is always expressed. and its not regulated

Question 27

repression def

Answer 27

negative regulation

Question 28

what happens when the repressor is bound to the operator sequence

Answer 28

prevents bindin gof RNA polymerase

Question 29

Induction is what

Answer 29

the removal of repressor due to prescence of the inducer lactose

Question 30

is lactose an inducer

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

what happens when lactose binds to the allosteric site of the repressor

Answer 31

it causes the DNA binding domain to change shape, meaning its unable to bind witht the operator

Question 32

positive regulation by the activator CAP-cAMP results in what

Answer 32

an increased lac operon expression

Question 33

to obtaion max expression of the lac operon, what do we need

Answer 33

we need a cAMP protein and no repressor

Question 34

in the precesne of cAMP what happens

Answer 34

the CAP binds the promoter and increases RNA pol activity

Question 35

cAMP is an indirect measure of what

Answer 35

glucose

Question 36

what does a repressor lead to

Answer 36

no lactose available

Question 37

what does no repressor binding mean

Answer 37

there is lactose available

Question 38

what happens if the cAMP is binded

Answer 38

there is low glucose

Question 39

what happens if the cAMP is not bound

Answer 39

there in high glucose

Question 40

what glucose and lactose combo is the best

Answer 40

low glucose and high lactose