Slideshow 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is gene regulation?

A

gene regulations controls which genes are expressed

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2
Q

What are 3 circumstances that require regulation of gene expression

A
  1. different cell types require different proteins
  2. starvation
  3. pathogens
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3
Q

what is another thing we can call a genes promoter

A

the gatekeeper

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4
Q

what types of molecules are necessary to regulate gene expression

A

almost all proteins

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5
Q

what are the types of proteins that are necessary to regulate gene expression

A

Activators and Repressors

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6
Q

Activators def

A

promote binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter

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7
Q

Repressors def

A

prevent or make less likely the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter

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8
Q

Activators are responsible for

A

positive regulation

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9
Q

REpressors are responsible for

A

negative regulation

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10
Q

+ regulation little def is what

A

presence of activator allows for expression

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11
Q
  • regulation little def is what
A

absence of repressor allows for expression

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12
Q

allosteric site def

A

binds a molecule that changed the shape of the protein, and ultimately the affinity of the DNA binding domain for DNA

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13
Q

DNA binding domain def

A

provides activator/repressor with the ability to bind DNA regulatory elements

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14
Q

Conformational change def

A

of the protein results when the allosteric site is bound.

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15
Q

what does conformational change allow for

A

the allosteric site to work as an on/off switch

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16
Q

operon def

A

a cluster of multiple genes regulated by a single promoter

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17
Q

what is “its a bacterial thing” reffering to

A

the operon

18
Q

What did JAcob and Monod do

A

worked out and discovered the genetic switch

19
Q

what is lactose made up of

A

glucose and galactose

20
Q

B galactosidase does what

A

splits up the lactose

21
Q

lacZ does what

A

codes for B galactosidase

22
Q

lacY does what

A

codes for permease

23
Q

permease def

A

transports lactose into the cell

24
Q

what can the operator bind to

A

the repressor

25
Q

what can the CAP bind to

A

the activator

26
Q

lac I def

A

is constitutively expressed. it is always expressed. and its not regulated

27
Q

repression def

A

negative regulation

28
Q

what happens when the repressor is bound to the operator sequence

A

prevents bindin gof RNA polymerase

29
Q

Induction is what

A

the removal of repressor due to prescence of the inducer lactose

30
Q

is lactose an inducer

A

yes

31
Q

what happens when lactose binds to the allosteric site of the repressor

A

it causes the DNA binding domain to change shape, meaning its unable to bind witht the operator

32
Q

positive regulation by the activator CAP-cAMP results in what

A

an increased lac operon expression

33
Q

to obtaion max expression of the lac operon, what do we need

A

we need a cAMP protein and no repressor

34
Q

in the precesne of cAMP what happens

A

the CAP binds the promoter and increases RNA pol activity

35
Q

cAMP is an indirect measure of what

A

glucose

36
Q

what does a repressor lead to

A

no lactose available

37
Q

what does no repressor binding mean

A

there is lactose available

38
Q

what happens if the cAMP is binded

A

there is low glucose

39
Q

what happens if the cAMP is not bound

A

there in high glucose

40
Q

what glucose and lactose combo is the best

A

low glucose and high lactose