sleep and circadian rhythms

Question 1

changes of sleep duration across the lifespan neonates

Answer 1

neonates - 16 hours sleep

more rapid eye movements

Question 2

children

Answer 2

10 hours sleep

Question 3

adolescents

Answer 3

8.5 hours of sleep

Question 4

adults

Answer 4

6 hours

Question 5

why do we sleep

Answer 5

repair of all types if cells eg Brian cells
rest our eyes
retain info
energy conservation
restoration and recovery of body systems- immune function

Question 6

memory consolidation

Answer 6

consolidating new memories - allows brain to forget random unimportant info

Question 7

sleep deprivation affects

Answer 7

memory attention speed

Question 8

sleep deprecation is also associated with

Answer 8

reduced emotional intelligence

reduced social skills and reduced self confidence

Question 9

teenagers with set bedtimes are

Answer 9

less likely to suffer depression / suicidal thoughts

Question 10

neuroimaging of emotional processing after sleep deprivation

Answer 10

more amygdala activation , less coupling of activation of amygdala and prefrontal cortex, more negative emotional and less prefrontal control

Question 11

short sleep is also a risk factor for being

Answer 11

overweight- increase appetite

Question 12

REM

Answer 12

rapid eye movements
very active - muscles are parlayed by pons
strong activation if amygdala

Question 13

REM dreams state

Answer 13

more vivid , emotional , negative dreams

Question 14

why is the body paralysed during REM sleep

Answer 14

pons parlays the muscles

Question 15

NREM sleep

Answer 15

light sleep and deep sleep

Question 16

light sleep

Answer 16

not very restoring, quick waves - strong brain activation , relatively strong muscle tone

Question 17

deep sleep

Answer 17

slow wave sleep - very restoring - brings brain to the share in which It is able to process info and learn
low muscle tone

Question 18

NREM dreams

Answer 18

less often remembered and less vivid / emotional

Question 19

two process model of sleep regulation

Answer 19

sleep pressure and circadian processes

Question 20

sleep pressure

Answer 20

homeostatic - dependent on how long one has been without sleep
longer we’ve been awake the more sleep pressure- tired

Question 21

circadian process

Answer 21

oscillating refused by the body clock

Question 22

sleep pressure then learning

Answer 22

synapse size increases - Brin plasticity - stronger but cannot grow infinitely

Question 23

amount of deep sleep is a sign of the

Answer 23

strength of sleep pressure

Question 24

circadian process- oscillating

Answer 24

swinging back and forth between sleep promoting and sleep preventing processes

Question 25

due to the circadian processes

Answer 25

sometimes its very difficult to fall asleep

Question 26

circadian process regulates the

Answer 26

timing of sleep and results in the 24 hour rhythm

Question 27

without cycle/ circadian process we might

Answer 27

sleep for instances of 3 hours within every 8 hours

Question 28

biological basis of process c

Answer 28

body clock located in the SCN - modulation of circadian rhythms of more than 100 body functions

Question 29

role of the SCN experiment

Answer 29

hamsters - normal SCN (24 hour rhythm) or damaged SCN.

donor hamster - 22 hours

Question 30

role of zeitgeists for circadian rhythms

Answer 30

body clock of SCN is only approximately 24 hours

Question 31

entrainment

Answer 31

Zeitgeber entrain the clock - sets the clock according to the 24 hour rhythm od the outside world

Question 32

Zeitgeber supports the process of

Answer 32

synchronisation of the peripheral bodily clocks

Question 33

exogenous zeitigeres

Answer 33

external cues light , timing, intensity , physical activity

Question 34

light helps regulate

Answer 34

internal biological clocks - resets the clock

Question 35

SCN contains

Answer 35

receptors that are sensitive to light

Question 36

melanopsin protein is

Answer 36

sensitive to light - carries signal to the SCN to set the 24 hour daily body cycle