human sexuality

Question 1

what can evolution tell us about behaviour

Answer 1

help generate and evaluate hypothesis 
recognise different types of behaviours that are
currently adaptive
previously adaptive
by products of adaptive behaviours

Question 2

evolution via natural selection

Answer 2

individuals in a population have variation in their physical and behavioural traits
some of this variation is heritable
variation can help individuals reproduce more than others

Question 3

evolution

Answer 3

a consequence of being better adapted = produce more offspring
survival of the fittest

Question 4

adaptations

Answer 4

characteristics allowing us to survive and reproduce
not all behaviours are adaptive
some are by products such as belly buttons

Question 5

exaptions

Answer 5

features that many have once been adaptive for one function changed over time to serve a different function

Question 6

role of the environment

Answer 6

interactions with the environmental features during development are critical for normal development eg speech

Question 7

input may be

Answer 7

required in order to activate certain adaptive features

Question 8

evolutionary psychology

Answer 8

application of Darwinian principle to the understanding of human nature

Question 9

interactionism

Answer 9

behaviour is created by gene environment interactions

Question 10

conspicuous consumption

Answer 10

showing off that you have money to gain status/ impress others

Question 11

parental investment

Answer 11

driving force behind natural selection on reproductive strategies is the degree of parental investment each sex devotes to their offspring

Question 12

in most species females invest

Answer 12

heavily in their offspring while males do not

Question 13

female strategy evolutionary

Answer 13

more picky about who they mate with

hardworking , resources

Question 14

male strategy evolutionary

Answer 14

compete for more quantity over quality

physical attractiveness

Question 15

buss

Answer 15

10000 participants asked about partner preferences
97% women valued qualities associated with gaining resources
males - youth , fertility , attractiveness

Question 16

waynforth and Dunbar

Answer 16

lonely hearts research

findings confirmed buss

Question 17

Clarke and hatfield

Answer 17

no females agreed in response to requests from males

75% males agreed

Question 18

singh

Answer 18

asked males to rate drawings of female figure s

0.7 waist to hip ration was rated most attractive

Question 19

schakelford and Larsen

Answer 19

found people with symmetrical faces are rated most attractive
signal of genetic fitness cannot be faked

Question 20

Cunningham

Answer 20

several features correlated positively with attractiveness - large eyes , smallness, small chins, prominent cheekbones

Question 21

penton - voak

Answer 21

females preferred masculine looking faces at ovulation but less masculine faces when non fertile

Question 22

youth

Answer 22

powerful cue to reproductive potential

Question 23

beauty

Answer 23

attractiveness - how appealing someone looks