birds and babies

Question 1

plant communication

Answer 1

trees communicate with each other by using underground networks of fungal mycelia

Question 2

microbial bacteria

Answer 2

communicate with each other to find the optimal time to attack the victim by sending out signalling molecules

Question 3

bee communication

Answer 3

communicate to inform their colony mates about food sources

Question 4

language is

Answer 4

complex , flexible and powerful

Question 5

two major approaches

Answer 5

study the capabilities of closely related species- even if they don’t communicate in days similar to us
study the communication systems of animals who do communicate in ways similar to us

Question 6

divergent evolution

Answer 6

process by which an interbreeding species diverges into different descendent species

Question 7

convergent evolution

Answer 7

evolutionary dissimilar species independently evolve analogous structures to adapt to their habitat

Question 8

language learning experiemtns in apes

Answer 8

viki the chimp

raised in a family as a human infant - only produced 4 words

Question 9

washoe

Answer 9

sign language

350 signs learnt

Question 10

nim chimpsky

Answer 10

taught sign language

25 signs

Question 11

koko

Answer 11

taught sign language

produced 1000 signs

Question 12

conclusion of ape studies

Answer 12

mixed results - low validity and reliability

Question 13

natural communication in monkeys

Answer 13

referential alarm calls

different type fo calls for when they see a predator eg seaport , eagle or snake

Question 14

gestural communication in chimps

Answer 14

66 gestures to communicate 19 specific messages

Question 15

apes have

Answer 15

high cognitive and social abilities

Question 16

vocal learning is a

Answer 16

rare trait - appears independently in 8 animal groups Bia convergent evolution

Question 17

vocal learning

Answer 17

ability to change ones own vocalisation based on auditory output

Question 18

bird song

Answer 18

both form regional dialects
important for social function
learning by imitation

Question 19

social function of Bird songs

Answer 19

mating
territorial degree
babies for food
identification
convergence- song type matching 
dueting

Question 20

song organisation

Answer 20

smaller units organise into larger units

Question 21

song imitation

Answer 21

birds learn to sing by imitating adults

Question 22

what happens to a vocal learner when theres nothing to imitate

Answer 22

improvise an isolate song

Question 23

do songs and language develop in similar way

Answer 23

songs become more structured and less variable

Question 24

humans infants

Answer 24

reduplicated babbling - monotone and repetitive

variegated babbling - more varied