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psychology in the real world > cognitive neuropsychology > Flashcards

cognitive neuropsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

brain cerebral cortex

A

outer layer of the brain

made up of grey matter= info processing cells

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2
Q

the brain is described as being

A

convoluted - folded up

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3
Q

fmri

A

measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow

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4
Q

cerebral cortex divided into

A

2 hemispheres - joined by the corpus callosum

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5
Q

each hemisphere has 4 lobes

A

frontal lobe
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
occipital lobe

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6
Q

frontal lobe

A

planning and decision making

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7
Q

parietal lobe

A

somatosensory functioning and visual attention

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8
Q

temporal lobe

A

hearing and memory

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9
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

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10
Q

cerebellum

A

balance and coordination

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11
Q

contralateral control

A

each hemisphere controls the opposite side - vision attention action

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12
Q

origins of neuropsychology - Aristotle

A

source of cognition/feelings = heart
cooling system= brain
the bigger the brain the higher the intellect of the individual

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13
Q

plato

A

tripartite soul rational part in the brain

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14
Q

hippocrates

A

the brain is the seat of thought, sensation, emotion and cognition

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15
Q

descartes

A

mind body problem
theorised about how a on physical entity as the mind arises as a physical entity
these interactions occur in the brain

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16
Q

early 1800’s

A

gall

the more the area used, the bigger it is

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17
Q

late 1800s

A

brocas area damage= difficulties in understanding and producing speech

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18
Q

modern cognitive neuropsychology

A

study of cognitive impairments following brain injury

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19
Q

methods

A

looking at individual case studies

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20
Q

associations

A

clusters of abilities or tasks that patients cannot do

21
Q

dissociations

A

tasks that have not been affected

a patient who is impaired at one task but normal at another

22
Q

but to test whether these processes involve different parts of the brain , a

A

double dissociation task - 2+ patients with opposing deficits

23
Q

what does double association tasks tell us

A

that 2 functions involve separable

24
Q

modularity

A

our cognitive processes are reduced down into separate modules

25
Q

what do multiple modules do

A

interact to result in a particular function or behaviour

26
Q

single case studies assumptions

A

caramazza 1986

fractionation assumption , transparency assumption and universality assumption

27
Q

fractionation assumption

A

damaging part of the brain affects specific modules

28
Q

transparency assumption

A

damaging part of the brain subtracts from a process

29
Q

universality assumption

A

all brains are similar - same architecture, processes

30
Q

phineas gage

A

metal rod pierced through orbitofrontal area = massive personality change

31
Q

conclusions of phones gage

A

frontal lobes are involved in personality

32
Q

HM

A

studied by Milner
brain surgery to control seizures
hippocampus removed
severe memory problems

33
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

problem in remembering past events

34
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

difficulties in learning new information

35
Q

HM dissociation

A

able to remember things up to 16 years old
had a dissociation with STM
but intact procedural memory- improved performance on normal mirror drawing Task

36
Q

Clive wearing

A

STM impaired
procedural memory intact
hippocampus is important for forming memories

37
Q

memory consolidation

A

taking a new memory and transferring it into the LTM system so that its retained

38
Q

HJA

A

Suffered from a stroke=occipital lobe damage= visual problems
unable to recognise objects = visual agnosia
but intact memory TO copy pictures
problems perceiving the whole object

39
Q

what is spatial neglect

A

failure to notice things on one side of the space

40
Q

spaital neglect is the result of damage to the

A

parietal and temporo- parietal junction - usually right hemisphere

41
Q

assessment of spatial neglect

A

drawing and copying tasks

bisection and cancellation tasks

42
Q

can the patients see on the neglected side

A

often have normal visual field- no visual field loss

not really aware of their problem - doesn’t stop them

43
Q

Riddoch and Humphreys 1983

A

patients can pay attention if cued to the neglected side

call out number at the end of the line - able to dissect line correctly

44
Q

is neglect person centred or object centred

A

asked patient to draw an image = space centred

object centred= able to perceive the whole thing but only drawn the right side of each object

45
Q

what does neglect us tell us

A

right hemisphere plays an important role in attention

46
Q

opponent processor model

A

kinsbourne
LH is pulling attention to the right
RH is pulling attention to the left
If damaged - undamaged hemisphere dominates attention

47
Q

aphasia

A

inability to comprehend or produce speech

48
Q

Broca aphasia

A

patient tan - able to understand speech but had trouble p producing speech

49
Q

wernicke aphasia

A

can produce speech but had trouble understanding

psychology in the real world (17 decks)

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