cognitive neuropsychology

Question 1

brain cerebral cortex

Answer 1

outer layer of the brain

made up of grey matter= info processing cells

Question 2

the brain is described as being

Answer 2

convoluted - folded up

Question 3

fmri

Answer 3

measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow

Question 4

cerebral cortex divided into

Answer 4

2 hemispheres - joined by the corpus callosum

Question 5

each hemisphere has 4 lobes

Answer 5

frontal lobe
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
occipital lobe

Question 6

frontal lobe

Answer 6

planning and decision making

Question 7

parietal lobe

Answer 7

somatosensory functioning and visual attention

Question 8

temporal lobe

Answer 8

hearing and memory

Question 9

occipital lobe

Answer 9

vision

Question 10

cerebellum

Answer 10

balance and coordination

Question 11

contralateral control

Answer 11

each hemisphere controls the opposite side - vision attention action

Question 12

origins of neuropsychology - Aristotle

Answer 12

source of cognition/feelings = heart
cooling system= brain
the bigger the brain the higher the intellect of the individual

Question 13

plato

Answer 13

tripartite soul rational part in the brain

Question 14

hippocrates

Answer 14

the brain is the seat of thought, sensation, emotion and cognition

Question 15

descartes

Answer 15

mind body problem
theorised about how a on physical entity as the mind arises as a physical entity
these interactions occur in the brain

Question 16

early 1800’s

Answer 16

gall

the more the area used, the bigger it is

Question 17

late 1800s

Answer 17

brocas area damage= difficulties in understanding and producing speech

Question 18

modern cognitive neuropsychology

Answer 18

study of cognitive impairments following brain injury

Question 19

methods

Answer 19

looking at individual case studies

Question 20

associations

Answer 20

clusters of abilities or tasks that patients cannot do

Question 21

dissociations

Answer 21

tasks that have not been affected

a patient who is impaired at one task but normal at another

Question 22

but to test whether these processes involve different parts of the brain , a

Answer 22

double dissociation task - 2+ patients with opposing deficits

Question 23

what does double association tasks tell us

Answer 23

that 2 functions involve separable

Question 24

modularity

Answer 24

our cognitive processes are reduced down into separate modules

Question 25

what do multiple modules do

Answer 25

interact to result in a particular function or behaviour

Question 26

single case studies assumptions

Answer 26

caramazza 1986 | fractionation assumption , transparency assumption and universality assumption

Question 27

fractionation assumption

Answer 27

damaging part of the brain affects specific modules

Question 28

transparency assumption

Answer 28

damaging part of the brain subtracts from a process

Question 29

universality assumption

Answer 29

all brains are similar - same architecture, processes

Question 30

phineas gage

Answer 30

metal rod pierced through orbitofrontal area = massive personality change

Question 31

conclusions of phones gage

Answer 31

frontal lobes are involved in personality

Question 32

HM

Answer 32

studied by Milner brain surgery to control seizures hippocampus removed severe memory problems

Question 33

retrograde amnesia

Answer 33

problem in remembering past events

Question 34

anterograde amnesia

Answer 34

difficulties in learning new information

Question 35

HM dissociation

Answer 35

able to remember things up to 16 years old had a dissociation with STM but intact procedural memory- improved performance on normal mirror drawing Task

Question 36

Clive wearing

Answer 36

STM impaired procedural memory intact hippocampus is important for forming memories

Question 37

memory consolidation

Answer 37

taking a new memory and transferring it into the LTM system so that its retained

Question 38

HJA

Answer 38

Suffered from a stroke=occipital lobe damage= visual problems unable to recognise objects = visual agnosia but intact memory TO copy pictures problems perceiving the whole object

Question 39

what is spatial neglect

Answer 39

failure to notice things on one side of the space

Question 40

spaital neglect is the result of damage to the

Answer 40

parietal and temporo- parietal junction - usually right hemisphere

Question 41

assessment of spatial neglect

Answer 41

drawing and copying tasks | bisection and cancellation tasks

Question 42

can the patients see on the neglected side

Answer 42

often have normal visual field- no visual field loss | not really aware of their problem - doesn't stop them

Question 43

Riddoch and Humphreys 1983

Answer 43

patients can pay attention if cued to the neglected side | call out number at the end of the line - able to dissect line correctly

Question 44

is neglect person centred or object centred

Answer 44

asked patient to draw an image = space centred | object centred= able to perceive the whole thing but only drawn the right side of each object

Question 45

what does neglect us tell us

Answer 45

right hemisphere plays an important role in attention

Question 46

opponent processor model

Answer 46

kinsbourne LH is pulling attention to the right RH is pulling attention to the left If damaged - undamaged hemisphere dominates attention

Question 47

aphasia

Answer 47

inability to comprehend or produce speech

Question 48

Broca aphasia

Answer 48

patient tan - able to understand speech but had trouble p producing speech

Question 49

wernicke aphasia

Answer 49

can produce speech but had trouble understanding