ageing

Question 1

changing demographics

Answer 1

there are currently more pensioner in Britain than children under 16

Question 2

life expectancy

Answer 2

average number of years remaining where average is median

higher for women than for men

Question 3

methodology

Answer 3

quasi experiments are used such as cross sectional , longitudinal and sequential

Question 4

cross sectional

Answer 4

involves using different groups of people who differ in age - observational study

Question 5

cross sectional advantages

Answer 5

relatively quick and inexpensive

wide age range- powerful

Question 6

cross sectional disadvantages

Answer 6

between subjects comparison - high variability
measures differences between age groups not changes over time
survivor problems
reflect cohort effects- education

Question 7

longitudinal study

Answer 7

uses the same participants but tests them at different times

Question 8

longitudinal advantages

Answer 8

measures age changes

within subject comparisons

Question 9

longitudinal disadvantages

Answer 9

time consuming and expensive
results may reflect period effects
practice effects

Question 10

sequential designs

Answer 10

combines cross sectional and longitudinal approaches

Question 11

sequential design advantages

Answer 11

helps separate effects of age , period and cohort effects

shows whether changes experienced by one cohort are similar to those experienced by other cohort

Question 12

sequential design disadvantages

Answer 12

complex
time consuming
expensive

Question 13

sensory changes

Answer 13

baltes+ lindenberger
vision declines as age increases
hearing declines as age increases

Question 14

Brain changes

Answer 14

gradual degeneration of nervous system
loss of neurons
diminished functioning of the remming neurons

Question 15

dementia

Answer 15

reduced blood flow to the Brain

declining levels of neurotransmitters

Question 16

older brains

Answer 16

typically process info more slowly

Question 17

brain volume

Answer 17

hedden+ gabrielli

lateral prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and visual cortex declines as you age but at different rates

Question 18

how to test intellectual changes

Answer 18

recall memory test
pattern comparison - speed
ravens reasoning - puzzle piece
vocabulary test - closest meaning

Question 19

procedural memory

Answer 19

well practiced skills

Question 20

semantic memory

Answer 20

general factual knowledge

Question 21

episodic

Answer 21

memory for episodes

Question 22

what type of LTM is affected as you age

Answer 22

episodic

Question 23

factors affecting ageing

Answer 23

gender
social activity
physical fitness
mental activity

Question 24

gender

Answer 24

females tend to longer than males

Question 25

social activity

Answer 25

holt- lunstad - meta analysis the better your social relationships the longer you live social support , complex measures of social integration

Question 26

physical fitness

Answer 26

helps maintain cognitive abilities

Question 27

mental activity

Answer 27

Brain training