Dognition

Question 1

homologous evolution

Answer 1

close relatives of humans are studied suh as chimpanzees

Question 2

convergent evolution

Answer 2

other animals such as meerkats are studied because they face similar selective pressures

Question 3

cooperative breeding

Answer 3

other relatives look after offspring not just the parents

Question 4

anthropogenic niche

Answer 4

domestic dogs solve problems that are even more similar to those faced by humans

Question 5

domestication is a process

Answer 5

of selection. dogs selected for cognitive abilities that allow them to cooperate with people

Question 6

dogs have complementary abilities aided in

Answer 6

hunting such as being faster and better motion detection/ night vision whereas humans have higher visual acuity

Question 7

effects of domestication

Answer 7

appear in giant or dwarf varieties, floppy ears, variegated (light and dark) coats

Question 8

experimental study of selective breeding of foxes

Answer 8

experimental group- dogs least aggressive- they were selected for breeding .

Question 9

tracking

Answer 9

hounds track prey by smell and sight

Question 10

when tracked by smell

Answer 10

footsteps can be followed- but not a continuous track

Question 11

problem solving

Answer 11

finding the way back- dogs took a shorter route even though blindfolded and directed beforehand with treats

Question 12

chapuis and varlet placed food at two points

Answer 12

dogs rarely returned to initial starting point - short cut

Question 13

location understanding

Answer 13

experimenter moved boxes- 1 box had toys. dog searched correctly in control and AP. but incorrectly in RP

Question 14

AP

Answer 14

absolute position - objects located dependent on where the dog is in the room

Question 15

RP

Answer 15

relative position - object placed depending on the other objects around them

Question 16

problem solving - pulling strings

Answer 16

animals pull strings to obtain rewards- test spaces understandings of means end - cause and effect relationships

Question 17

wolves failed to

Answer 17

pull the right string- they pulled the string nearest the food

Question 18

social learning

Answer 18

imitation

dogs salivated when observing other dogs being classically conditioned and ran faster when running in pairs than alone

Question 19

lever pushing

Answer 19

learned from humans - lever released ball
5 conditions-demonstrations- push lever, touch control
imitation/demonstration was not necessary- no straightforward copying

Question 20

understanding humans

Answer 20

pointing- food hidden under a cup-location was cued = average they did better

Question 21

dogs can also understand

Answer 21

unusual pointing when opposite arm was completely across the body

Question 22

gaze

Answer 22

dogs succeed most with the gaze when persons head,eyes and body move

Question 23

begging

Answer 23

more likely to seek fd when there is an open invitation - not blindfolded

Question 24

deception

Answer 24

deceiver pointed in the wrong direction for food - dogs learned slowl after 80 trials

Question 25

social structure wolves

Answer 25

small family units - in the wild- juvenilles break off increasing aggression

Question 26

play fighting

Answer 26

dogs play by rules - bow to initiate play

Question 27

what is guilty face

Answer 27

facial expression plus associated behaviours that interpret feelings of guilt - knowledge of wrong doin

Question 28

guilty behaviours

Answer 28

avoid eye contact, lying own, rolling to side, drop tail , wagging low