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positive psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

definition by seligman

A

scientific understanding and effective interventions to build thriving individuals , families and communities

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2
Q

Gabel and hairy definition

A

study of the conditions and processes that contribute to the flourishing or optimal functioning of people

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3
Q

historical roots Aristotle definition

A

to live a pleasant successful virtuous and moral life

eudaemonia - flourishing of life

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4
Q

epicurean

A

coined the term hedonism - striving for pleasure

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5
Q

stoic

A

live in a moral life and be objective in our thoughts and be logical and rational in the way we do things

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6
Q

socrates

A

focus on the could - harmonising and understanding our desires - self knowledge- achieve happiness

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7
Q

subjective happiness

A

hedonic component of well being

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8
Q

cognitive component how do we assess this

A

life satisfaction
by rating their current state of being then ratio gtheir ideal
compare ratings

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9
Q

affective component

A

moods and emotional responses

nice balance of experiencing positive and negative emotions

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10
Q

research for affective component

A

diener et al
people that experience more frequent positive emotions regardless of intensity tend to be happier compared to those tho have intense / infrequent emotions

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11
Q

positive effects of being happy

A

less illness, hostility, self centred ness

more creativity, perseverance , sociability and optimism

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12
Q

how to measure subjective well being

A

life satisfaction +high positive affect - low negative affect

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13
Q

world happiness report what factors may be related to happiest nations

A

money , cold countries
population - low
no war

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14
Q

income

A

deaton - positive association with SWB

satisfaction of basic biological need

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15
Q

gender

A

relationship between income and SWB is stronger in men than women , especially married men . but stronger relationship for single women than married women

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16
Q

relationships

A

social interaction , regardless of personality traits

higher SWB for married couples

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17
Q

work - employment

A

job , career or calling orientation

higher SWB for calling orientation - meaning/ goal to achieve

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18
Q

health

A

dinner- higher SWB for those who have lower likelihood of illness

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19
Q

lifespan

A

higher SWB = live longer

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20
Q

there is a strong link with

A

personality and SWB - Magnus et al

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21
Q

support for link between personality and SWB

A

twin studies - identical twins reared apart , non identical reared together
twins reared apart showed similar levels of happiness- genetics basis

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22
Q

dynamic equilibrium theory

A

headily and wearimg -
we have a predisposed / genetic component of how happy we are
how sorting our emotional responses are

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23
Q

adaptation theory

A

we have an evolutionary tendency to respond very strongly to a stimulation
strong reaction fades overtime

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24
Q

variety and affective foreshadowing

A

changes in approach/ intervention
positive events= positive emotions and well being
desire for change - variety and surprise

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25
Q

affection forecasting

A

thinking about how we feel about certain events in the future

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26
Q

why are we not more happy

A

relative standards model
we are constantly judging our happiness by comparing our lives to other people - social comparison-
people who compare themselves - lower levels of SWB

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27
Q

affluenza

A

we are more materialistic
no feeling of accomplishment
associated with feelings of worthlessness and dissatisfaction

28
Q

paradox of choice

A

tyranny of freedom
too much choice- difficult to make a decision
we are either maximisers or satisfiers

29
Q

what are maximisers

A

more choice most of the experience = cause anxiety

30
Q

satisfiers

A

less options - just choose one

higher levels of SWB due to less choice

31
Q

goal theories

A

pursuit of goals - gives your life structure , meaning , agency

32
Q

AIM approach for a happy mindset

A

Attention, interpretations and Memory

33
Q

attention

A

by paying attention to the negative aspects - decrease our mood . eating attention to positive aspects- increase mood

34
Q

interpretation

A

focus on the positive side/ interpretation

35
Q

memory

A

the more we retrieve positive memories , the happier we are

36
Q

eudaemonic happiness

A

well being encapsulates actualisation of human potential
eudaemonic happiness is a state - inclusion of a persons meaning in life and purpose
pleasure and satisfaction is too simplistic

37
Q

flow

A

phenomenological construct - intense experiential involvement in moment to moment activity
in the zone

38
Q

flow is experienced when

A

we are performing at best

attention and focus fully invested

39
Q

components of Flow experience

A 
states occur during structural activity 
balance of challenge 
complete concentration 
sense of control 
transformation of time
activity for own sake
personally - curious character
40
Q

world faiths

A

virtues - protection from sun and promotion of happiness - judaic and christians

41
Q

Hobbesian reality

A

humans have a selfish nature to us - life is short and brutish
to have a good life we should have a good work ethic

42
Q

promotion of agency

A

we are responsible for our own happiness

improving life and health = positive thought

43
Q

humanistic and neo freudian psychology

A

focus on positive human nature

Maslow - self actualising tendency

44
Q

overarching themes in positive psychology

A

selgiman -
the pleasant life
the good life
the meaningful life

45
Q

the pleasant life

A

the life of enjoyment
optimal experience of normal aspects
but transient experiences - short time

46
Q

the good life

A

life of engagement
related to Aristotle’s concept of eudaemonia
having things you are interested in- related to flow

47
Q

the meaningful life

A

life of affiliation
beyond daily life pleasures
use those personality strengths for a higher purpose
eg benefiting others and society
provides a positive sense of belonging - related to virtues

48
Q

self determination theory

A

order and predictability
evolutionary function
components - autonomy , competence and belonging/ relatedenss

49
Q

autonomy

A

feeling of control

personal volition , not coercion - persuaded by someone

50
Q

competence

A

ability to do something successfully / efficiently

self confidence in doing things

51
Q

belonging

A

connection with and caring for group peers

52
Q

life meaning and purpose

A

essential for fulfilment

searching for happiness has purpose

53
Q

7 major sources of meaning

A 
achievement of goals 
acceptance of self + others 
relationships 
intimacy 
religion 
self transcendence- greater force in our lives 
fairness
54
Q

people who have a higher sense of meaning tend to

A

have better mental and physical well being

55
Q

those who have higher meaning in life also

A

reports higher life satisfaction and liking rates

56
Q

combination of meaning +

A

SWB= happiness

57
Q

personality strengths

A

sense of ownership, authenticity and motivation

58
Q

we morally have between 2 and 5 personality strengths grouped into

A 
6 categories/ virtues 
Wisdom and knowledge 
courage 
humanity 
justice
temperance 
transcendance
59
Q

optimism

A

optimists will have an internal, stable and global explanatory style

60
Q

what is a common way to measure optimism

A

questionnaires

61
Q

optimism is linked with

A

health , but too optimistic - decrease in health eg denial of health

62
Q

gratitude

A

feeling of thankfulness for benefit to be received

63
Q

universal religious concepts

A

link between well being and gratitude

links with prosocial behaviour - strengthening relationships with others

64
Q

altruism

A

principle of concern for the welfare of others

motivation to prove something of value without exception of any benefits eg- feeling good that you helped someone

65
Q

evolutionary explanations

A

kinship- belong
more likely to reciprocate and signalling
benefits to mental and physical health

psychology in the real world (17 decks)

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