empathy Flashcards
empathy
ability to understand and share the feelings of another
historical context
baron - its subjective , intangible and hypothetical
main theoretical frameworks
theory theory - using intuitive theories about others to infer internal states - based on simple observation
simulation theory - imagine+ infer from own experience
knowing someone else internal state
element of cognition - cognitive empathy - estranger
confidence in interpretation depends on the connection to the other
adopting posture / matching neural response
other terminology - facial empathy/ motor mimicry
feeling as someone else feels
similarity but not identical - shared physiology
intuition / projection into another situation
aesthetic empathy - counter to theory theory
imagining how another thinks or feels
specific form on perspective taking- stotland
relates to knowledge of / experience with the other
imagining yourself in another place
Piaget - perspective taking
feeling distress at another suffering
distressed by the others suffering
feeling for another distress
distressed for the other
genuine imitation
automatic component of social interaction eg yawning , nodding
Meltzoff and Moore
Neonate facial movement interaction
Imitation is about
Detecting people’s intentions
Mirror system as a
Bridge to empathy
Neural Bridge between self and other
Highly interconnected with other areas of the brain
Carr et al
Fmri study of facial expression - activation of limbo system and parietal nobe
Correlation of self report empathy and
Mirror system activation levels
Perception action model of empathy
Preston and de waal 2002
Perception action model is
Representation is mimicked not the action/ activity
Consequences can be
Cognitive
Affective
Behaviours
Benefits of imitation
Strong levels of imitation show higher levels of rapport- relationships
Empathy
Social independent self concept
Affiliation goals
Methodological issues
Difficult to measure indirect behaviour
Subjective
Emotional contagion
Hatfield er al
Elicits psychophysiological/ behavioural/ social responses
Example of emotional contagion
Once a baby starts crying other babies cry
Shouting fire then everyone is scared
Facial feedback hypothesis
Darwin g
What is facial feedback
Free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies at
Perspective taking
Inferring mental states
Temporal poles
Activation in language or Semantic memory tasks
Medial prefrontal cortex
Complex Functioning
Activation in all mentalisjng tasks social and cognition
Temporal parietal junctio.
Mentalising tasks , biological motion and observable actions
What happens when empathy is impaired asd
Autistic spectrum disorder
Impact on social interaction
Restricted activities
Empathy impaired psychopathy
Psychopathy personality trait
Lack of anxiety
Socially adept
Absence of empathy
Empathy impaired
Anthropomorphism
Idea of attributing human characteristics to animals objects or concepts
