Sleep

Question 0

Melatonin

Answer 0

Synthesized and secreted by pineal gland; modulates brainstem circuits regulating sleep-wake cycle

Question 1

Cataplexy

Answer 1

Emotionally triggered muscle weakness

Question 2

Sleep Gate

Answer 2

Time of maximum sleep drive and minimum circadian drive

Question 3

Stage 2 Sleep

Answer 3

low frequency, high amplitude; K-complex patterns appear

*Presence of sleep spindles
bursts of high frequency

Question 4

Stage 3 Sleep

Answer 4

Deepest level of sleep; delta waves

*Sleepwalking; tossing and turning can occur

Question 5

REM Sleep

Answer 5

EEG similar to awake state; duration increases w/ each cycle

Dreaming, increased emotion, bp, hr

• Paralysis of large muscles
• Adults spend ~25% of sleep here

Question 6

REM Rebound

Answer 6

When deprived of REM sleep, person will immediately go into this sleep @ next opportunity

Question 7

Thalamus activity during sleep

Answer 7

Gates sensory info

Question 8

Falling Asleep

Answer 8

Adenosine builds up; VLPO sends inhibitory signal to arousal centers

Question 9

Waking Up

Answer 9

SCN generates wake-up cues to inhibit VLPO

Question 10

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Answer 10

Interrupted breathing during sleep due to partial blockage of airways

• Pt. chronically tired due to waking up in night
• Obesity=major factor

Question 11

SIDS

Answer 11

Infants unable to arouse during episode of apnea

=>baby sleeping on back may prevent

Question 12

Narcolepsy

Answer 12

Periods of frequent REM sleep during the day; due to a loss of OH-neurons

• Cataplexy may be present
• Pt. may have hallucinations, sleep paralysis, and disrupted nighttime sleep

Question 13

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

Answer 13

Individuals act out aggressive dreams

• Prevention of normal muscle paralysis
• Assoc. w/ increased incidence of Parkinson’s

Question 14

K-waves

Answer 14

high amplitude waveform observed by EEG during stage 2 of sleep

Question 15

Sleep cycles

Answer 15

N3 sleep occurs after first REM but NOT AGAIN

-REM sleep duration increases w/ every cycle; cycles occur every 90 mins

Question 16

Caffeine effects on sleep

Answer 16

Blocks adenosine; possible cause of insomnia

Question 17

Central apnea

Answer 17

Insufficient efferent signal sent to diaphragm; can cause complete cessation of breathing

-Severe form of Odine’s curse