Skull, Scalp, Face

Question 1

Neocranium

Answer 1

Surrounds brain

Question 2

Calvaria

Answer 2

Skullcap

Question 3

Viscerocranium

Answer 3

Skeleton of face

Question 4

Paired Skull Bones

Answer 4

Parietal, temporal, nasal, zygomatic, maxillae, lacrimal, inferior nasal concha, palantine
(8)

Question 5

Craniometric Points

Answer 5

Nasion- junction of nasal + frontal bones
Glabella- smooth portion of frontal bone (between eyebrows)
Pterion- junction of frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones (middle meningeal artery runs through here)
Bregma- junction of coronal + sagittal sutures
Vertex-most superior portion of neurocranium
Lamba- junction of sagittal + lambdoid sutures
Asterion- junction of parietal, occipital, and temporal bones
Inion- prominent posterior protrusion of occipital bone

Question 6

Anterior Fontanelle

Answer 6

Membranous interval between the sagittal suture, coronal suture and frontal suture in NEWBORNS

Question 7

Cranial Fractures

Answer 7

Le Font 1= floating palate; horizontal maxillary fracture
Le Font 2= floating maxilla; pyramidal fracture
Le Font 3= floating face; craniofacial broken

Question 8

Layers of Scalp

Answer 8

S= Skin
C= Connective Tissue; houses blood & nerve supply
A= Aponeurosis; epicranial aponeurosis/ galea aponeurotica
L= Loose Connective Tissue; danger zone because infections can be spread among blood vessels (emissary veins)
P=Pericranium;dual layers= epicranium (external) & endocranium (internal)

Question 9

Muscles of Facial Expression

Answer 9

(17)
Orbicularis Oculi
Orbicularis Oris
Zygomaticus Major
Zygomaticus Minor
Lavatory labii superioris 
Nasalis 
Procerus 
Corrigator supercili 
Buccinator
Risorius 
Depressor anguli oris 
Depressor labii inferioris 
Mentalis
Platysma 
Frontalis 
Occipitalis 
Auricular

Question 10

Orbicularis Oculi

Answer 10

round muscles around eye; two parts: orbital and palpebral (eyelid)
closes eyelids
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)

Question 11

Orbicularis Oris

Answer 11

round muscle around mouth
closes, compresses, and protrudes lips
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)

Question 12

Zygomaticus Major & Minor

Answer 12

Draws angles of mouth backward and upward (smile); minor elevates upper lip
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)

Question 13

Lavator labii superioris & lavator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Answer 13

elevation of upper lip, dilates nostrils, facilitates smile

innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)

Question 14

Nasalis

Answer 14

only piece of muscle across the nose
pulls ala back and lowers it toward septum, compresses nostrils
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)

Question 15

Procerus

Answer 15

long piece of muscle vertically between eyebrows; also connects to frontalis m.
depresses medial angle of the brows (furrow brows)
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)

Question 16

Corrugator Supercilii

Answer 16

located under depressor supercilii
pulls brows together, wrinkles forehead (frowning)
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)

Question 17

Buccinator

Answer 17

deep to the zygomaticus and lavator labii muscles
presses check against molar teeth, basically holds the cheek firm, resists distension; accessory mastication m.
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)

Question 18

Risorius

Answer 18

part of the cheek, retracts angle of mouth, produces dimples

innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)

Question 19

Depressor Anguli Oris

Answer 19

depresses angle of mouth (sad face)

innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)

Question 20

Depressor labii inferioris

Answer 20

depresses lower lip (sad face)

innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)

Question 21

Mentalis

Answer 21

deep to depressor labii inferioris
raises & protrudes lower lip
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)

Question 22

Platysma m.

Answer 22

tenses skin of neck

innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)

Question 23

Frontalis and Occipitalis (Occipitofrontalis)

Answer 23

moves scalp backwards, wrinkles forehead skin, elevates eyebrows
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)

Question 24

Auricular m. (anterior, posterior, superior)

Answer 24

elevates the ear (superior) and back (posterior) and forward (anterior)

Question 25

Facial Nerve (CN 7) Branches (5)

Answer 25

Temporal 
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal Mandibular
Cervical

these are MOTOR INNERVATION

Question 26

Is there a C1 dermatone?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

Where does facial nerve (CN 7) emerge from on the face?

Answer 27

Stylomastoid foramen

Question 28

Trigeminal Nerve (CN 5)

Answer 28

Arises from brainstem at mid-pons level
Responsible for sensory of face and scalp
Broken down into:
CN V1 (ophthalmic nerve)= tip of nose, eyes, forehead, all the way to mid scalp
CN V2 (maxillary nerve)= side of nose, upper lip, cheek, side of forehead
CN V3 (mandibular nerve)= lower lip, lower jaw, temporal region of scalp

Question 29

Face and Scalp Sensory Innervation

Answer 29

Trigeminal Nerve (CN 5)
C2
C3

Question 30

Superficial Vascular Supply of Face and Scalp

Answer 30

External Carotid artery (facial artery–>angular artery; superficial temporal artery; transverse facial artery)

Internal Carotid artery (supratrochlear artery; supraorbital artery)

Angular v.–>facial v.–> superior opthalmic v. –>cavernous sinus

Superficial temporal v. + maxillary v.–> retromandibular v. (two branches: posterior drains to external jug, anterior drains to internal jug)