Skull, Scalp, Face Flashcards
Neocranium
Surrounds brain
Calvaria
Skullcap
Viscerocranium
Skeleton of face
Paired Skull Bones
Parietal, temporal, nasal, zygomatic, maxillae, lacrimal, inferior nasal concha, palantine
(8)
Craniometric Points
Nasion- junction of nasal + frontal bones
Glabella- smooth portion of frontal bone (between eyebrows)
Pterion- junction of frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones (middle meningeal artery runs through here)
Bregma- junction of coronal + sagittal sutures
Vertex-most superior portion of neurocranium
Lamba- junction of sagittal + lambdoid sutures
Asterion- junction of parietal, occipital, and temporal bones
Inion- prominent posterior protrusion of occipital bone
Anterior Fontanelle
Membranous interval between the sagittal suture, coronal suture and frontal suture in NEWBORNS
Cranial Fractures
Le Font 1= floating palate; horizontal maxillary fracture
Le Font 2= floating maxilla; pyramidal fracture
Le Font 3= floating face; craniofacial broken
Layers of Scalp
S= Skin
C= Connective Tissue; houses blood & nerve supply
A= Aponeurosis; epicranial aponeurosis/ galea aponeurotica
L= Loose Connective Tissue; danger zone because infections can be spread among blood vessels (emissary veins)
P=Pericranium;dual layers= epicranium (external) & endocranium (internal)
Muscles of Facial Expression
(17) Orbicularis Oculi Orbicularis Oris Zygomaticus Major Zygomaticus Minor Lavatory labii superioris Nasalis Procerus Corrigator supercili Buccinator Risorius Depressor anguli oris Depressor labii inferioris Mentalis Platysma Frontalis Occipitalis Auricular
Orbicularis Oculi
round muscles around eye; two parts: orbital and palpebral (eyelid)
closes eyelids
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)
Orbicularis Oris
round muscle around mouth
closes, compresses, and protrudes lips
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)
Zygomaticus Major & Minor
Draws angles of mouth backward and upward (smile); minor elevates upper lip
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)
Lavator labii superioris & lavator labii superioris alaeque nasi
elevation of upper lip, dilates nostrils, facilitates smile
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)
Nasalis
only piece of muscle across the nose
pulls ala back and lowers it toward septum, compresses nostrils
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)
Procerus
long piece of muscle vertically between eyebrows; also connects to frontalis m.
depresses medial angle of the brows (furrow brows)
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)
Corrugator Supercilii
located under depressor supercilii
pulls brows together, wrinkles forehead (frowning)
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)
Buccinator
deep to the zygomaticus and lavator labii muscles
presses check against molar teeth, basically holds the cheek firm, resists distension; accessory mastication m.
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)
Risorius
part of the cheek, retracts angle of mouth, produces dimples
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)
Depressor Anguli Oris
depresses angle of mouth (sad face)
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)
Depressor labii inferioris
depresses lower lip (sad face)
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)
Mentalis
deep to depressor labii inferioris
raises & protrudes lower lip
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)
Platysma m.
tenses skin of neck
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)
Frontalis and Occipitalis (Occipitofrontalis)
moves scalp backwards, wrinkles forehead skin, elevates eyebrows
innervated by facial nerve (CN 7)
Auricular m. (anterior, posterior, superior)
elevates the ear (superior) and back (posterior) and forward (anterior)
Facial Nerve (CN 7) Branches (5)
Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Marginal Mandibular Cervical
these are MOTOR INNERVATION
Is there a C1 dermatone?
no
Where does facial nerve (CN 7) emerge from on the face?
Stylomastoid foramen
Trigeminal Nerve (CN 5)
Arises from brainstem at mid-pons level
Responsible for sensory of face and scalp
Broken down into:
CN V1 (ophthalmic nerve)= tip of nose, eyes, forehead, all the way to mid scalp
CN V2 (maxillary nerve)= side of nose, upper lip, cheek, side of forehead
CN V3 (mandibular nerve)= lower lip, lower jaw, temporal region of scalp
Face and Scalp Sensory Innervation
Trigeminal Nerve (CN 5)
C2
C3
Superficial Vascular Supply of Face and Scalp
External Carotid artery (facial artery–>angular artery; superficial temporal artery; transverse facial artery)
Internal Carotid artery (supratrochlear artery; supraorbital artery)
Angular v.–>facial v.–> superior opthalmic v. –>cavernous sinus
Superficial temporal v. + maxillary v.–> retromandibular v. (two branches: posterior drains to external jug, anterior drains to internal jug)
