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Anatomy > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

thickened external oblique aponeurosis; extends between the ASIS of ilium and pubic tubercle

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2
Q

Subinguinal space

A

inferior to the inguinal ligament; where flexors of the hip and neurovascular structure can be found.

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3
Q

Pelvis Artery Supply

A

primarily through internal iliac artery (aka hypogastric artery)

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4
Q

Pelvis Venous Drainage

A

pelvic venous plexuses ( made up of rectal, vesical, prostatic, uterine, and vaginal) that drain into–> internal iliac vein–>external iliac vein–> common iliac vein–> IVC

Some veins might drain into portal system (superior rectal vein–>IMV–> portal vein)

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5
Q

Internal (hypogastric) artery

A

made up of two branches:
Anterior & Posterior

Anterior contains umbilical artery, obturator artery, uterine artery (females), middle rectal artery, internal pudendal artery, and inferior gluteal artery. Anterior branch order can be variable but usually is in the order indicated above.

Posterior branch contains: superior gluteal artery, iliolumbar artery, and lateral sacral arteries

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6
Q

Umbilical artery

A

gives off superior vesicle arteries to the bladder

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7
Q

Obturator artery

A

gives off the pubic branch

males: inferior vesicle artery
females: vaginal artery (which can also branch off uterine artery)

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8
Q

Internal pudendal artery

A

goes to perineum & external genitalia

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9
Q

Inferior gluteal artery

A

goes to muscles and skin of butt & posterior thigh

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10
Q

Sacrum

A

helps to provide support to the spine by distributing the weight of the spine and upper torso; sacrum is concave and its concavity in women allows for fetus to fit during childbirth

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11
Q

Sacrospinous Ligament

A

attached to the ischial spine & lower part of the sacrum

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12
Q

Obturator canal

A

is where the obturator nerve goes through

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13
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament

A

attaches to the ischial tuberosity and middle of sacrum

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14
Q

Iliolumbar ligament

A

holds the spine laterally to the pelvis

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15
Q

Sacrococcygeal ligament (anterior & posterior, superficial, deep, & lateral)

A

hold the coccyx in place

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16
Q

Prepuce

A

penis foreskin that covers the head/glans of flaccid penis

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17
Q

Frenulum

A

located on posterior part of the penis; it is a small fold of tissue that connects the glans to the shaft

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18
Q

mons pubis

A

collection of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone

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19
Q

perineum

A

area between the anus and scrotum/vulva

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20
Q

pudendum

A

aka external genitalia

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21
Q

Lesser (Skene) and Greater (Bartholin) Vestibular Gland openings

A

glands that secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina/ urethra; infections can occur in this glands which can obstruct the duct and cause a cyst which will need to be drained

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22
Q

Vestibule

A

the space that contains the labia minora, vaginal and urethral orifices, and vestibule ducts,

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23
Q

Vestibular bulbs

A

enlongated erectile tissue deep to labia minora, extending posteriorly from the glans of clitoris. These bulbs are covered by bulbospongiosus muscles

This is equiv to bulbs and corpus spongiosa of penis

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24
Q

Urogenital triangle

A

between the pubic sympphysis & ischial tuberosity

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25
Q

Anal triangle

A

between ischial tuberosity & coccyx

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26
Q

Tendinous arch of levator ani

A

weakness in this tendon might cause prolapse (slip down) of bladder & uterus

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27
Q

Levator Ani

A

consists of three muscles:
puborectalis m.
pubococcygeus m.
iliococcygeus m.

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28
Q

Urogenital Diaphragm

A

….

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29
Q

Spots where a kidney stone can get stuck in ureter

A

junction of renal hilum & ureter, as ureter passes over pelvic brim, and as ureter passes through muscular bladder wall

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30
Q

“Water under the bridge”

A

the ureter will always pass under the uterine artery (female) & ductus deferens (male)

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31
Q

Ureter blood supply

A

gets a rich source of blood supply from renal artery, gonadal artery, iliac arteries, superior vesical artery, etc.

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32
Q

trigone

A

in the bladder, it is a triangular area of the bladder wall that contains ureteric orifice

33
Q

Internal urethral sphincter muscle

A

under involuntary controls, ANS, sympathethic

34
Q

external urethral sphincter

A

under voluntary control, it is the muscle that you squeen when you want to stop your urine/ do kegal exercises

35
Q

male urethra

A

is much longer than female urethra; it has four parts:

- intramural (preprostatic), prostatic, membranous, and spongy

36
Q

Glands of Lettre

A

mucus secreting urethral glands

37
Q

Bladder Arterial Supply

A

Superior vesical artery (supplies top of bladder; artery is extension off umbilical artery)
Inferior vesical artery (males; supplies prostate)
Vaginal arteries (female)

38
Q

Bladder venous drainage

A

vesical venous plexus; varies a bit per gender

female: plexus is continuous with uterovaginal plexus & receives blood from the dorsal vein of clitoris
male: plexus continuous with prostatic plexus and the deep dorsal vein of penis

39
Q

Bladder innervation

A

autonomic via hypogastric plexuses and pelvic splanchnic nerves;
exception: parasympathetic innervates the detrusor muscle and internal urethral sphincter (in males)

40
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

A

travel with parasympathetic input as well as afferent input

41
Q

pudendal nerve

A

gives off motor, sensory, and autonomic innervation

42
Q

submucosal space (internal venous plexus)

A

where internal hemorrhoids occur

43
Q

perianal space (external venous plexus)

A

external hemorrhoids occur

44
Q

pudendal (alcock) canal

A

contains pudendal vessels & pudendal nerve, as well as perineal nerve

45
Q

Valves of Houston

A

the ridges in the anal canal, there are three parts:

superior, middle, and inferior. These valves tend to act as stop gates as stool comes down and fills the rectum

46
Q

Surgical Anal Canal

A

relates to hemorrhoids and certain types of cancers

47
Q

Anal glands

A

makes mucus that secretes into the anus so that the stool can pass easier; sometimes these glands can become infected

48
Q

Rectal arterial supply

A
  • Superior rectal artery (branch off IMA)
  • middle rectal artery (branch of anterior internal iliac artery)
  • inferior rectal artery (branch of pudendal artery)
49
Q

Round ligaments

A

attach to the anterior surface of the uterus and terminates in the labia majora; provides little support in preventing prolapse but does help to keep uterus anteverted (inclined forward)

50
Q

Vesicouterine Pouch

A

potential space located in front of uterus; can be a site of fluid collection during certain pathological conditions

51
Q

Rectouterine Pouch (aka Cul de sac of Douglas)

A

potential space located behind the uterus; can be a site of fluid, blood, pus collection during pathological conditions

52
Q

Rectouterine Fold (uterosacral ligament)

A

attaches uterus to the sacrum; most important ligament that resists uterine prolapse

53
Q

Broad ligament

A

name given to party of the peritoneum that drapes over the ovaries, uterine tubes, and superior uterus. There is vascularity embedded in it.
there are three parts:
-mesovarium= folds over the ovary and ovarian vessels
-mesosalpinx= fold over the uterine tube
-mesometrium=layers of peritoneum hanging lateral to the uterus itself

54
Q

Uterine tube (aka fallopian tube) parts

A

4 parts (in order from ovary to uterus):

  • fimbria
  • infundibulum
  • ampulla
  • isthmus
55
Q

internal os (uterus)

A

internal gatekeeper that keeps pregnancies in uterus

56
Q

endometrium

A

the inner mucous layer that regularly builds up during the month cycle and sheds during menstruation; if conception occurs, the embryo will implant into this layer

57
Q

myometrium

A

middle smooth muscle layer that is the majority of the uterus; very thick; majority of neurovascular structures found in this layer

58
Q

perimetrium

A

simply peritoneum and a thin layer of connective tissue around uterus (superficial layer)

59
Q

uterus arterial supply

A

primarily from uterine arteries with collateral supply from vaginal arteries and ovarian arteries

60
Q

uterus venous drainage

A

uterine venous plexus located on either side of cervix–>drains to uterine & vaginal veins–> internal iliac veins

61
Q

uterus innervation

A

entirely autonomic via uterovaginal nerve plexus

62
Q

uterine adnexa

A

consists of uterus, fallopian tubes & ovaries structures

63
Q

Ovarian arterial supply

A

ovarian arteries (branch off aorta)

64
Q

ovarian venous drainage

A

ovarian veins (off IVC on right, off renal vein on left)

65
Q

Cardinal (transverse cervical/ Mackenrodt’s ligament)

A

STRONGEST pelvic ligament extending from lateral pelvic walls to lateral portions of cervix & vagina; also convey uterine artery, uterine vein, and uterovaginal nerve

66
Q

Pubocervical ligament

A

party of the pelvic floor that helps form a sling from pubic symphysis to help maintain continence by compressing vagina and urethra against bone

67
Q

Vagina artery supply

A

Superior vagina supplied by uterine artery

Middle and inferior vagina supplied by vaginal and internal pudendal artery

68
Q

Vagina venous drainage

A

uterovaginal plexus and drain into the internal iliac veins

69
Q

vagina innervation

A

superior vagina is innervated by uterovaginal nerve plexus , which conveys sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral afferent innervation

inferior vagina is innervated by deep perineal nerve (somatic, sensitive to touch and temp)

70
Q

vagina lymph drainage

A

superior and middle vagina lymph drains to internal and external iliac nodes

inferior vagina lymph drains into superficial and deep inguinal nodes

71
Q

uterus anastomoses

A

consists of ovarian vessels, uterine vessels, vaginal vessels, and pudendal vessels. They all anastomose

72
Q

suspensory ligament of penis

A

penis is suspended from pubic symphysis & overlying fascia by this ligament

73
Q

penis artery supply

A
  • internal pudendal artery

- superficial & deep branches of external pudendal artery

74
Q

penis venous drainage

A
  • venous plexus within penis to deep dorsal vein to prostatic venous plexus
  • superficial dorsal vein to superficial external pudendal vein
75
Q

penis innervation

A
  • dorsal nerve of penis

- ilioinguinal nerve supplies the skin at root of penis

76
Q

benign hypertrophy of prostate (BHP)

A

common in old age; prostate will enlarge and project into the bladder which can cause partial urethral obstruction

77
Q

seminal colliculus vesicle

A

in prostate; where liquid semen is deposited before ejaculation

78
Q

seminal vesicles (glands)

A

produce an alkaline fluid that is high in fructose to provide energy for sperm; these vesicles connect to the vas deferens to form a right & left ejaculatory duct near the neck of bladder

79
Q

prostate

A

accesssory gland in male reproduction that produces prostatic flud (thin, milky fluid that activates sperm)

Anatomy (21 decks)

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