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Anatomy > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

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1
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

thickened external oblique aponeurosis; extends between the ASIS of ilium and pubic tubercle

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2
Q

Subinguinal space

A

inferior to the inguinal ligament; where flexors of the hip and neurovascular structure can be found.

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3
Q

Pelvis Artery Supply

A

primarily through internal iliac artery (aka hypogastric artery)

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4
Q

Pelvis Venous Drainage

A

pelvic venous plexuses ( made up of rectal, vesical, prostatic, uterine, and vaginal) that drain into–> internal iliac vein–>external iliac vein–> common iliac vein–> IVC

Some veins might drain into portal system (superior rectal vein–>IMV–> portal vein)

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5
Q

Internal (hypogastric) artery

A

made up of two branches:
Anterior & Posterior

Anterior contains umbilical artery, obturator artery, uterine artery (females), middle rectal artery, internal pudendal artery, and inferior gluteal artery. Anterior branch order can be variable but usually is in the order indicated above.

Posterior branch contains: superior gluteal artery, iliolumbar artery, and lateral sacral arteries

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6
Q

Umbilical artery

A

gives off superior vesicle arteries to the bladder

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7
Q

Obturator artery

A

gives off the pubic branch

males: inferior vesicle artery
females: vaginal artery (which can also branch off uterine artery)

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8
Q

Internal pudendal artery

A

goes to perineum & external genitalia

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9
Q

Inferior gluteal artery

A

goes to muscles and skin of butt & posterior thigh

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10
Q

Sacrum

A

helps to provide support to the spine by distributing the weight of the spine and upper torso; sacrum is concave and its concavity in women allows for fetus to fit during childbirth

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11
Q

Sacrospinous Ligament

A

attached to the ischial spine & lower part of the sacrum

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12
Q

Obturator canal

A

is where the obturator nerve goes through

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13
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament

A

attaches to the ischial tuberosity and middle of sacrum

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14
Q

Iliolumbar ligament

A

holds the spine laterally to the pelvis

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15
Q

Sacrococcygeal ligament (anterior & posterior, superficial, deep, & lateral)

A

hold the coccyx in place

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16
Q

Prepuce

A

penis foreskin that covers the head/glans of flaccid penis

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17
Q

Frenulum

A

located on posterior part of the penis; it is a small fold of tissue that connects the glans to the shaft

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18
Q

mons pubis

A

collection of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone

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19
Q

perineum

A

area between the anus and scrotum/vulva

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20
Q

pudendum

A

aka external genitalia

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21
Q

Lesser (Skene) and Greater (Bartholin) Vestibular Gland openings

A

glands that secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina/ urethra; infections can occur in this glands which can obstruct the duct and cause a cyst which will need to be drained

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22
Q

Vestibule

A

the space that contains the labia minora, vaginal and urethral orifices, and vestibule ducts,

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23
Q

Vestibular bulbs

A

enlongated erectile tissue deep to labia minora, extending posteriorly from the glans of clitoris. These bulbs are covered by bulbospongiosus muscles

This is equiv to bulbs and corpus spongiosa of penis

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24
Q

Urogenital triangle

A

between the pubic sympphysis & ischial tuberosity

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25
Anal triangle
between ischial tuberosity & coccyx
26
Tendinous arch of levator ani
weakness in this tendon might cause prolapse (slip down) of bladder & uterus
27
Levator Ani
consists of three muscles: puborectalis m. pubococcygeus m. iliococcygeus m.
28
Urogenital Diaphragm
....
29
Spots where a kidney stone can get stuck in ureter
junction of renal hilum & ureter, as ureter passes over pelvic brim, and as ureter passes through muscular bladder wall
30
"Water under the bridge"
the ureter will always pass under the uterine artery (female) & ductus deferens (male)
31
Ureter blood supply
gets a rich source of blood supply from renal artery, gonadal artery, iliac arteries, superior vesical artery, etc.
32
trigone
in the bladder, it is a triangular area of the bladder wall that contains ureteric orifice
33
Internal urethral sphincter muscle
under involuntary controls, ANS, sympathethic
34
external urethral sphincter
under voluntary control, it is the muscle that you squeen when you want to stop your urine/ do kegal exercises
35
male urethra
is much longer than female urethra; it has four parts: | - intramural (preprostatic), prostatic, membranous, and spongy
36
Glands of Lettre
mucus secreting urethral glands
37
Bladder Arterial Supply
Superior vesical artery (supplies top of bladder; artery is extension off umbilical artery) Inferior vesical artery (males; supplies prostate) Vaginal arteries (female)
38
Bladder venous drainage
vesical venous plexus; varies a bit per gender female: plexus is continuous with uterovaginal plexus & receives blood from the dorsal vein of clitoris male: plexus continuous with prostatic plexus and the deep dorsal vein of penis
39
Bladder innervation
autonomic via hypogastric plexuses and pelvic splanchnic nerves; exception: parasympathetic innervates the detrusor muscle and internal urethral sphincter (in males)
40
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
travel with parasympathetic input as well as afferent input
41
pudendal nerve
gives off motor, sensory, and autonomic innervation
42
submucosal space (internal venous plexus)
where internal hemorrhoids occur
43
perianal space (external venous plexus)
external hemorrhoids occur
44
pudendal (alcock) canal
contains pudendal vessels & pudendal nerve, as well as perineal nerve
45
Valves of Houston
the ridges in the anal canal, there are three parts: | superior, middle, and inferior. These valves tend to act as stop gates as stool comes down and fills the rectum
46
Surgical Anal Canal
relates to hemorrhoids and certain types of cancers
47
Anal glands
makes mucus that secretes into the anus so that the stool can pass easier; sometimes these glands can become infected
48
Rectal arterial supply
- Superior rectal artery (branch off IMA) - middle rectal artery (branch of anterior internal iliac artery) - inferior rectal artery (branch of pudendal artery)
49
Round ligaments
attach to the anterior surface of the uterus and terminates in the labia majora; provides little support in preventing prolapse but does help to keep uterus anteverted (inclined forward)
50
Vesicouterine Pouch
potential space located in front of uterus; can be a site of fluid collection during certain pathological conditions
51
Rectouterine Pouch (aka Cul de sac of Douglas)
potential space located behind the uterus; can be a site of fluid, blood, pus collection during pathological conditions
52
Rectouterine Fold (uterosacral ligament)
attaches uterus to the sacrum; most important ligament that resists uterine prolapse
53
Broad ligament
name given to party of the peritoneum that drapes over the ovaries, uterine tubes, and superior uterus. There is vascularity embedded in it. there are three parts: -mesovarium= folds over the ovary and ovarian vessels -mesosalpinx= fold over the uterine tube -mesometrium=layers of peritoneum hanging lateral to the uterus itself
54
Uterine tube (aka fallopian tube) parts
4 parts (in order from ovary to uterus): - fimbria - infundibulum - ampulla - isthmus
55
internal os (uterus)
internal gatekeeper that keeps pregnancies in uterus
56
endometrium
the inner mucous layer that regularly builds up during the month cycle and sheds during menstruation; if conception occurs, the embryo will implant into this layer
57
myometrium
middle smooth muscle layer that is the majority of the uterus; very thick; majority of neurovascular structures found in this layer
58
perimetrium
simply peritoneum and a thin layer of connective tissue around uterus (superficial layer)
59
uterus arterial supply
primarily from uterine arteries with collateral supply from vaginal arteries and ovarian arteries
60
uterus venous drainage
uterine venous plexus located on either side of cervix-->drains to uterine & vaginal veins--> internal iliac veins
61
uterus innervation
entirely autonomic via uterovaginal nerve plexus
62
uterine adnexa
consists of uterus, fallopian tubes & ovaries structures
63
Ovarian arterial supply
ovarian arteries (branch off aorta)
64
ovarian venous drainage
ovarian veins (off IVC on right, off renal vein on left)
65
Cardinal (transverse cervical/ Mackenrodt's ligament)
STRONGEST pelvic ligament extending from lateral pelvic walls to lateral portions of cervix & vagina; also convey uterine artery, uterine vein, and uterovaginal nerve
66
Pubocervical ligament
party of the pelvic floor that helps form a sling from pubic symphysis to help maintain continence by compressing vagina and urethra against bone
67
Vagina artery supply
Superior vagina supplied by uterine artery Middle and inferior vagina supplied by vaginal and internal pudendal artery
68
Vagina venous drainage
uterovaginal plexus and drain into the internal iliac veins
69
vagina innervation
superior vagina is innervated by uterovaginal nerve plexus , which conveys sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral afferent innervation inferior vagina is innervated by deep perineal nerve (somatic, sensitive to touch and temp)
70
vagina lymph drainage
superior and middle vagina lymph drains to internal and external iliac nodes inferior vagina lymph drains into superficial and deep inguinal nodes
71
uterus anastomoses
consists of ovarian vessels, uterine vessels, vaginal vessels, and pudendal vessels. They all anastomose
72
suspensory ligament of penis
penis is suspended from pubic symphysis & overlying fascia by this ligament
73
penis artery supply
- internal pudendal artery | - superficial & deep branches of external pudendal artery
74
penis venous drainage
- venous plexus within penis to deep dorsal vein to prostatic venous plexus - superficial dorsal vein to superficial external pudendal vein
75
penis innervation
- dorsal nerve of penis | - ilioinguinal nerve supplies the skin at root of penis
76
benign hypertrophy of prostate (BHP)
common in old age; prostate will enlarge and project into the bladder which can cause partial urethral obstruction
77
seminal colliculus vesicle
in prostate; where liquid semen is deposited before ejaculation
78
seminal vesicles (glands)
produce an alkaline fluid that is high in fructose to provide energy for sperm; these vesicles connect to the vas deferens to form a right & left ejaculatory duct near the neck of bladder
79
prostate
accesssory gland in male reproduction that produces prostatic flud (thin, milky fluid that activates sperm)

Anatomy (21 decks)

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