Glutes, Hips, Thighs Flashcards
Pelvic girdle
consists of three bones: ilium, pubis, and ischium
Femur
Only bone in the thigh;
Tibia
weight bearing bone of the leg;
Fibula
thinner bone than tibia so doesn’t bear as much weight, but supports tibia and functions to provide attachment point for muscles, joints, ligaments.
Iliopsoas muscle
stronger hip flexor; consists of the iliacus and psoas major muscle; attaches on inner femur (lesser trochanter)
Acetabulum
fossa of the hip joint formed by the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis; where femur head attaches, can be a point of weakness as we age
Capsular ligaments
consists of three ligaments: iliofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament, ischiofemoral ligament
iliofemoral ligament
strongest of the three ligaments (of the capsular ligaments); ligament of the hip joint that extends from the front iliac spine to the femoral head.
pubic symphysis
joint that connects the left and right hip bones
sacroiliac joint
between the sacrum and the ilium; the joint is covered by a bunch of strong ligaments such as the sacroiliac ligament, iliolumbar ligament, sacrospinous ligament, and sacrotuberous ligament. Almost never get an injury in this area. All these ligaments make this joint the strongest and most stable in body
pubofemoral ligament
attaches from the obturator crest to the femur. It is inferior to the iliofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament
ligament that connects the POSTERIOR ischium to the femur. You will see this ligament from the posterior side not anterior
ligamentum teres of femur
ligament that connects the head of femur to the acetabulum; carries the artery of the ligamentum teres which is an important bloody supply to the femoral head
greater trochanter
provides attachment for the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and piriformis muscle.
lesser trochanter
receives the insertion of the iliopsoas muscle
Synovial fluid
between the acetabulum and femoral head provides nearly frictionless gliding
Abductors in the gluteal region
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae
Extensors in posterior thigh and gluteal region
gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris (long head), posterior adductor magnus
Adductors of hip & thigh
adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, gracilis, obturator externus
Flexors (in anterior thigh)
iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius, tensor fascia latae, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis
external (lateral) rotators
gluteus maximus, piriformis, superior and inferior gemellus, and obturators internus and externus, quadratus femoris
internal (medial) rotators
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia lata
Tibial Nerve
L4-S3; innervates everything in posterior thigh (except biceps femoris short head which is innervated by common fibular n.) and wraps around foot and innervates all muscles on the bottom of the foot; has no sensory component in the thigh; extension hip, flexion knee
Trendelenburg gait
due to superior gluteal nerve not working properly. Causes the abductors to not help you keep your hip balanced. If right side is affected and you stand on your right leg, your left hip will dip. During walking, your body will overcompensate and it will look like a wobble walk
3 arteries that supply femoral head
obturator artery (has acetabular branch), medial circumflex femoral artery, and lateral circumflex femoral artery. Medial circumflex is most important; if this is cut off, a total hip replacement is needed otherwise hip tissue will die.
Foot drop nerve
Peroneal nerve (injured)
Superior gluteal nerve
L4-S1; innervates gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata
Inferior gluteal nerve
L5-S2; innervates gluteus maximus muscle; if it is affected it results in difficulty rising from a seat and climbing stairs
sciatic nerve
L4-S2; it is a bundle that consists of the tibular nerve and common fibular nerve
fascia lata
fascia that covers the anterior thigh
IT band
extension of the thigh at the hip; flexion and extension of the leg at the knee,
Femoral Triangle
has the Nerves, Artery, Veins, and Lympathics. NAVL
Patellar tendon reflex
L3-L4; tests the integrity of the femoral nerve
For this reflex to work you have to have an afferent signal (L3-L4), have to have interneurons which carry signal from afferent-> efferent, you also have to have efferent signal (femoral nerve), and have to have active neuromusclar junctions.
Obturator nerve
innervates mostly adductors: gracilis, obturator externus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus (which is aso innervated by tibial nerve)
if this nerve is compressed by a tumor in the pelvis, it will cause GI dysfunction, pain in pelvis, and weak leg adductors)
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
can be compressed by a big belly and symptoms will be burning, tingling, numbness
femoral hernia
will go in through femoral ring that is next to the femoral vein. It wil look like a bulge on the upper thigh
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
(L2-L3) is sensory to the lateral thigh
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
(S1-S3) is sensory to most of the posterior thigh
femoral nerve
anterior thigh: pectineus (also partly by obturator n.), sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius; flexion of hip & extend knee
