Glutes, Hips, Thighs

Question 1

Pelvic girdle

Answer 1

consists of three bones: ilium, pubis, and ischium

Question 2

Femur

Answer 2

Only bone in the thigh;

Question 3

Tibia

Answer 3

weight bearing bone of the leg;

Question 4

Fibula

Answer 4

thinner bone than tibia so doesn’t bear as much weight, but supports tibia and functions to provide attachment point for muscles, joints, ligaments.

Question 5

Iliopsoas muscle

Answer 5

stronger hip flexor; consists of the iliacus and psoas major muscle; attaches on inner femur (lesser trochanter)

Question 6

Acetabulum

Answer 6

fossa of the hip joint formed by the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis; where femur head attaches, can be a point of weakness as we age

Question 7

Capsular ligaments

Answer 7

consists of three ligaments: iliofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament, ischiofemoral ligament

Question 8

iliofemoral ligament

Answer 8

strongest of the three ligaments (of the capsular ligaments); ligament of the hip joint that extends from the front iliac spine to the femoral head.

Question 9

pubic symphysis

Answer 9

joint that connects the left and right hip bones

Question 10

sacroiliac joint

Answer 10

between the sacrum and the ilium; the joint is covered by a bunch of strong ligaments such as the sacroiliac ligament, iliolumbar ligament, sacrospinous ligament, and sacrotuberous ligament. Almost never get an injury in this area. All these ligaments make this joint the strongest and most stable in body

Question 11

pubofemoral ligament

Answer 11

attaches from the obturator crest to the femur. It is inferior to the iliofemoral ligament

Question 12

ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 12

ligament that connects the POSTERIOR ischium to the femur. You will see this ligament from the posterior side not anterior

Question 13

ligamentum teres of femur

Answer 13

ligament that connects the head of femur to the acetabulum; carries the artery of the ligamentum teres which is an important bloody supply to the femoral head

Question 14

greater trochanter

Answer 14

provides attachment for the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and piriformis muscle.

Question 15

lesser trochanter

Answer 15

receives the insertion of the iliopsoas muscle

Question 16

Synovial fluid

Answer 16

between the acetabulum and femoral head provides nearly frictionless gliding

Question 17

Abductors in the gluteal region

Answer 17

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae

Question 18

Extensors in posterior thigh and gluteal region

Answer 18

gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris (long head), posterior adductor magnus

Question 19

Adductors of hip & thigh

Answer 19

adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, gracilis, obturator externus

Question 20

Flexors (in anterior thigh)

Answer 20

iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius, tensor fascia latae, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis

Question 21

external (lateral) rotators

Answer 21

gluteus maximus, piriformis, superior and inferior gemellus, and obturators internus and externus, quadratus femoris

Question 22

internal (medial) rotators

Answer 22

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia lata

Question 23

Tibial Nerve

Answer 23

L4-S3; innervates everything in posterior thigh (except biceps femoris short head which is innervated by common fibular n.) and wraps around foot and innervates all muscles on the bottom of the foot; has no sensory component in the thigh; extension hip, flexion knee

Question 24

Trendelenburg gait

Answer 24

due to superior gluteal nerve not working properly. Causes the abductors to not help you keep your hip balanced. If right side is affected and you stand on your right leg, your left hip will dip. During walking, your body will overcompensate and it will look like a wobble walk

Question 25

3 arteries that supply femoral head

Answer 25

obturator artery (has acetabular branch), medial circumflex femoral artery, and lateral circumflex femoral artery. 
Medial circumflex is most important; if this is cut off, a total hip replacement is needed otherwise hip tissue will die.

Question 26

Foot drop nerve

Answer 26

Peroneal nerve (injured)

Question 27

Superior gluteal nerve

Answer 27

L4-S1; innervates gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata

Question 28

Inferior gluteal nerve

Answer 28

L5-S2; innervates gluteus maximus muscle; if it is affected it results in difficulty rising from a seat and climbing stairs

Question 29

sciatic nerve

Answer 29

L4-S2; it is a bundle that consists of the tibular nerve and common fibular nerve

Question 30

fascia lata

Answer 30

fascia that covers the anterior thigh

Question 31

IT band

Answer 31

extension of the thigh at the hip; flexion and extension of the leg at the knee,

Question 32

Femoral Triangle

Answer 32

has the Nerves, Artery, Veins, and Lympathics. NAVL

Question 33

Patellar tendon reflex

Answer 33

L3-L4; tests the integrity of the femoral nerve
For this reflex to work you have to have an afferent signal (L3-L4), have to have interneurons which carry signal from afferent-> efferent, you also have to have efferent signal (femoral nerve), and have to have active neuromusclar junctions.

Question 34

Obturator nerve

Answer 34

innervates mostly adductors: gracilis, obturator externus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus (which is aso innervated by tibial nerve)

if this nerve is compressed by a tumor in the pelvis, it will cause GI dysfunction, pain in pelvis, and weak leg adductors)

Question 35

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Answer 35

can be compressed by a big belly and symptoms will be burning, tingling, numbness

Question 36

femoral hernia

Answer 36

will go in through femoral ring that is next to the femoral vein. It wil look like a bulge on the upper thigh

Question 37

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Answer 37

(L2-L3) is sensory to the lateral thigh

Question 38

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Answer 38

(S1-S3) is sensory to most of the posterior thigh

Question 39

femoral nerve

Answer 39

anterior thigh: pectineus (also partly by obturator n.), sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius; flexion of hip & extend knee