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Anatomy > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

longus colli m.

A

flexes neck and contralaterally rotates it

innervated by C2-C6 ventral rami

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2
Q

anterior scalene muscle

A

elevates 1st rib when neck is fixed, flexes neck anteriorly, laterally, and rotates neck when the 1st rib is fixed; innervated by C4-C6 ventral rami

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3
Q

middle scalene muscle

A

elevates the 1st rib when the neck is flexed, flexes the neck anteriorly, laterally, and rotates the neck when 1st rib is fixed; muscle innervated by C3-C8

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4
Q

posterior scalene muscle

A

elevates 2nd rib when neck is fixed; flexes neck anteriorly, laterally, and rotates the neck when 2nd rib is fixed; muscle innervated by C6-C8 ventral rami

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5
Q

sternohyoid muscle

A

depresses the laryngeal apparatus when swallowing; muscle innervated by ansa cervicalis; inserts proximally on manubrium and clavicle, and distally on hyoid bone

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6
Q

sternothyroid muscle

A

depresses laryngeal apparatus when swallowing; muscle innervated by ansa cervicalis; inserts proximally at manubrium and distally to the thyroid cartilage

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7
Q

thyrohyoid muscle

A

depresses hyoid bone when the larynx is fixed or elevates larynx when the hyoid bone is fixed; innervated by C1 branch that traveled with hypoglossal (CN XII)

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8
Q

omohyoid muscle

A

depresses hyoid bone relative to fixed scapula;
muscle innervated by ansa cervicalis;
inserts proximally to upper border of scapula and distally to hyoid bone (curves)

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9
Q

Subclavian artery

A

on right side: brachiocephalic artery
on left side:
aorta

Branches into: 
Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical trunk
Internal thoracic artery 
Costocervical artery
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10
Q

Vertebral artery

A

1st branch off subclavian artery; ascends between anterior scalene and longus colli m. and eventually courses through transverse foramen of C6-C1–> foramen magnum–>supplies posterior region of brain

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11
Q

Thyrocervical trunk

A

2nd branch off subclavian artery; branches further into:

  • inferior thyroid artery
  • ascending cervical artery
  • transverse cervical artery
  • suprascapular artery
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12
Q

Inferior thyroid artery

A

supplies inferior poles of thyroid gland

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13
Q

Ascending cervical artery

A

supplies the longus coli muscle, cervical vertebra bodies, and cervical spinal cord

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14
Q

Transverse cervical artery

A

will bifurcate into the superficial branch (which supplies traps) and a deep branch ( supply levator scapulae and rhomboid muscles)

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15
Q

Internal thoracic artery

A

branches inferiorly from subclavian artery–>courses inferiorly along lateral edge of sternum–>gives rise to the anterior intercostal arteries, superior epigastric, and musculophrenic arteries.

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16
Q

Costocervical trunk

A

branches from the subclavian artery; courses posteriorly over the dome of pleural cavity & branches into deep cervical artery and superior intercostal artery

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17
Q

Nerves of neck

A

Vagus nerve- which innervates thoracic viscera

Recurrent laryngeal nerve- innervates intrinsic laryngeal muscles; on right side it comes off of vagus nerve and wraps underneath subclavian artery; on left side it comes off vagus nerve and wraps underneath aorta arch

Phrenic nerve- innervates the diaphragm

Cervical sympathetic trunk- note there are no white rami communicans in cervical region

18
Q

Anterior Triangle Contents

A

Submandibular triangle, submental triangle, muscular triangle, carotid triangle

19
Q

Submandibular triangle

A

contains submandibular gland, submandibular lymph nodes, hypoglossal nerve, nerve to mylohyoid, facial artery, facial vein

20
Q

Submental triangle

A

contains submental lymph nodes, tributaries of the anterior jugular vein, and geniohyoid muscle

21
Q

Muscular triangle

A

contains sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and omohyoid muscles, thyroid gland, and parathyroid gland

22
Q

Carotid triangle

A

contains common carotid, internal carotid, external carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, ansa cervicalis, and transverse cervical nerve, and cervical branch of facial nerve

23
Q

Posterior triangle contents

A

occipital triangle and omoclavicular (subclavian) triangle

24
Q

Occipital triangle

A

contains splenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle scalene, posterior scalene, accessory nerve, supraclavicular nerves,branches of cervical plexus, trunk of brachial plexus, transverse cervical artery, and transverse cervical vein and cervical lymph nodes

25
Q

Omoclavicular (subclavian) triangle

A

contains subclavian artery, subclavian vein, suprascapular artery, suprascapular vein, and brachial plexus

26
Q

sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

attaches superiorly to mastoid process (bony structure behind ear), and inferiorly to the manubrium and clavicle
innervated by CN 11 (accessory nerve)
rotates head to opposite side, flexes head, raises thorax

27
Q

stylohyoid muscle

A

attaches proximally to styloid process (anterior to mastoid process) and distally to hyoid bone
innervated by branch of CN 7 (facial nerve)
elevates hyoid bone & base of tongue, retracts hyoid bone

28
Q

mylohyoid muscle

A

muscle attaches to the mandible on each side of the mylohyoid line; forms the floor of oral cavity
innervated by nerve to mylohyoid (branch of inferior alveolar nerve of CN V3)
elevates hyoid bone and tongue when speaking and swallowing; depresses mandible

29
Q

Geniohyoid muscle

A

deep within submental triangle; muscle attaches to mental process on inside of mandible and to hyoid bone
innervated by cervical nerve C1 that travels with CN 12 (hypoglossal n)
protracts hyoid bone

30
Q

Common carotid artery

A

Right common carotid branches off brachiocephalic while left common carotid branches off aortic arch.
Will branch into internal and external carotid arteries near hyoid bone

31
Q

Internal carotid artery

A

doesn’t give off any branches but contains the carotid sinus (which has baroreceptors that monitor BP) and the carotid body (which has chemoreceptor that monitors partial pressure of O2)

32
Q

External carotid artery

A

gives off branches below:

- Superior thyroid artery
- Ascending pharyngeal artery 
- Lingual artery 
- Facial artery 
- Occipital artery
33
Q

Superior thyroid artery

A

supplies the thyroid and parathyroid glands; also gives off the superior laryngeal artery

34
Q

superior laryngeal artery

A

pierces the thyrohyoid membrane to supply the mucosa of the supraglottic cavity

35
Q

ascending pharyngeal artery

A

ascends vertically to supply the pharynx, soft palate, palatine tonsillar bed, and auditory tube

36
Q

lingual artery

A

courses through the carotid triangle and joins the sublingual artery deep to the hyoglossus muscle to supply the tongue and sublingual gland

37
Q

facial artery

A

courses deep to submandibular gland and then around the body of the mandible to enter the superficial face anterior to the masseter muscle

38
Q

occipital artery

A

courses deep to posterior belly of digastric m. en route to occipital region, where it supplies sternocleidomastoid m., deep neck muscles, and meninges of posterior cranial fossa.

39
Q

posterior auricular artery

A

supplies parotid gland, lateral facial muscles and ear

40
Q

Cervical plexus (C1-C4)

A

contains:
- lesser occipital nerve (C2)-innervates scalp posterior and superior to the ears
- great auricular nerve (C2-C3)- innervates skin over the parotid gland, angle of jaw, and posterior ear
- transverse cervical nerve (C2-C3)- innervates skin over anterior triangle of neck
- supraclavicular nerve (C3-C4)- innervates skin over the clavicle and superior region of thorax

Anatomy (21 decks)

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