Skull and Sockets

Question 1

Cranial bones

Facial bones

Answer 1

8 (cranial)

14 (facial)

Question 2

Main cranial bones

Answer 2

Occipital bone 1
Parietal (2)
Temporal (2)
Frontal (1)
Sphenoid (1)
Ethmoid (1)

Question 3

Main facial bones

Answer 3

Nasal (2)
Zygomatic (2)
Maxilla (2)
Mandible (1)
Vomer
Conchae (2)
Lacrimal (2) 
Palatine (2)

Question 4

Primitive oral cavity is called

Answer 4

Stomodeum

Question 5

Eye primitive

Answer 5

Optic Placode

Question 6

Frontonasal prominence/ process

Answer 6

Nose, philtrum, forehead

Question 7

Nasal/olfactory placode

Answer 7

Nose

Question 8

Otic placode

Answer 8

Ear

Question 9

Auricular hillocks

Answer 9

3 on arch 1
3 on arch 2
Forms the ear

6per ear

Question 10

Week 5 nasal placode forms

Answer 10

Lateral nasal process and medial nasal process

Question 11

Week 6 medial migration of frontonasal process

Answer 11

Lateral nasal and maxillary join and form nasolacrimal/nasooptic groove

Question 12

Week 7 medial and frontonasal process form the

Answer 12

Philtrum

Question 13

Week 7 medial and maxillary join to form

Answer 13

Upper lip

Question 14

Week 10 nose and lip development

Medial process forms …

Answer 14

Philtrum
Medial Maxilla
Primary palate
Medial nose

Question 15

Neurocranium made from

Answer 15

Encase the brain

Membranous neurocranium (flat bones)
Cartilaginous neurocraium

Question 16

Chondrocranium

Answer 16

Base of the skull

Question 17

Neurocranium derm layers

Answer 17

From neural crest cell (ectoderm)

Somitomeres (mesoderm)

Question 18

Viscerocranium cells

Answer 18

Face

Entirely neural crest cells (ectoderm)

Question 19

Neural crest cells

Answer 19

Freely migrate and carry genetic code for development

Question 20

Viscerocranium bones (9)

Answer 20

All neural crest cells: 
Facial bones 
Mandible 
Maxilla 
Zygoma
Vomer 
Palatine 
Lacrimal 
Nasal 
Conchae

Question 21

Neurocranium

Which cells make which bones

Answer 21

Neural crest cells:
Temporal (squamosal) 
Sphenoid 
Ethmoid 
Frontal bones 

Mesoderm:
Temporal (petrosal)
Occipital
Parietal

Question 22

All bone are mesoderm except

Answer 22

Viscerocrainium
Temporal 
Sphenoid 
Ethmoid 
Frontal bones 
Hyoids

Question 23

Cartilage development starts at

Answer 23

Midline

Question 24

Chondrocranium

Answer 24

Cranial base

Part occipital 
Ethmoid 
Sphenoid 
Temporal 
Meckel's cartilage

Question 25

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 25

Absence of cartilage model Flat bones of face and skull Maxilla Mandible Clavicle

Question 26

Endochondral ossification

Answer 26

Cartilage model precursor ``` Long bones Bones of extremities Vertebrae Ethmoid Sphenoid Chondrocranium (cranial base) ```

Question 27

Embryonic bone development process

Answer 27

Intramembranous | Endochondral

Question 28

Intramembranous ossification steps

Answer 28

1. Mesenchymal cells proliferate 2. Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts secreting osteoid at multiple centers of ossification 3 osteoid is mineralized

Question 29

Endochrondral ossification steps to

Answer 29

Hyaline cartilage model is used as a template 1. Mesenchymal osteoblasts for two ossification centers 2. Osteoid deposited in place of cartilage model Usually ,make long bone

Question 30

Epiphyseal cartilage has Distinct zones

Answer 30

5, for endochondral bone growth

Question 31

Sutures and fontanelles

Answer 31

Allow for expansion for brain and allows for passage through the birth canal

Question 32

How many fontanelles are there

Answer 32

6 | Unfused sutures

Question 33

How many bones does a newborn have?

Answer 33

44

Question 34

Cranioschisis

Answer 34

Cranial vault does not form | Brain is fine

Question 35

Craniosynostosis

Answer 35

Premature closure of one or more cranial sutures (suture fails)

Question 36

Scaphocephaly

Answer 36

Craniosynostosis Sagittal suture fails Expansion of the frontal and occipital bone (long and narrow)

Question 37

Brachycephaly

Answer 37

Craniosynostosis Coronal sutures fails Skull grows outward (stout skull)

Question 38

Plagiocephaly

Answer 38

Craniosynostosis Unilateral coronal and lambdoid sutures Asymmetric flattening of one side of skull

Question 39

Cloverleaf skull

Answer 39

Craniosynostosis Cloverleaf skull: most cranial sutures