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Cellular Metabolism 1 > Salivary Glands and Lymphatics > Flashcards

Salivary Glands and Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

What drives latera and caudal folding

A

Mesoderm

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2
Q

What regulates the secretion of the lymphatic glands

A

motor and sensory nerves

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3
Q

Which nodes can you palpate for clinical assessment ?

A

Superficial Nodes

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4
Q

Which nodes are more difficult to palpate ?

A

Cervical deep lymph

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5
Q

Development of Lymph Nodes

6 steps

A
  1. Lymphatic Endothelial Cells leave the blood vessels
  2. LECs Aggregate to form Lymph sacs with groups of mesenchyme.
  3. Form the lymphatic nodules
  4. The nodules become surrounded by sinuses, with mesenchyme completing the lymph node. Start of the formation of cavities
  5. Lymphatic cells migrate from three different locations: Mesenchyme, Thymus (Pre birth), Marrow (Bone)
  6. Partition- A capsule (outside) and trabeculae (btwn the cell walls) surround the lymphatic nodules from surrounding mesenchyme.
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6
Q

Lymph node fluid is received from the

A

afferent lymphatic vessels

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7
Q

Filtered lymph collects in the

A

medulla

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8
Q

Fluid drains out the the lymph node via

A

efferent lymphatic vessel

at the hilum of the node

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9
Q

Are there more afferent or efferent lymphatic vessels?

A

Afferent ( slows down the flow of lymph)

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10
Q

Nodes are connected via

A

lymphatic vessels

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11
Q

Extracellular fluid is absorbed by lymph capillaries via

A

hydrostatic pressure

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12
Q

Lymph is filtered by

A

one or more lymph nodes before returning to venous circulation

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13
Q

The lymph node is surrounded by _______ and bands of connective tissue _______ extending from the capsule into the node

A

capsule, trabeculae

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the lymph capsule ?

A

dense connective tissue that protect the lymph

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15
Q

Tonsils can form from …

A

Lymph sacs

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16
Q

Tonsils are made from

A
  1. Un encapsulated Lymphatic tissue

2. covered in nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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17
Q

Empty acelluar portion of tonsils are called

A

Tonsillar crypts

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18
Q

Tonsilloliths

A

Tonsillar crypts can incase debris and calcifications

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19
Q

Which pouch does the tonsillar ring develop from?

A

Second pouch

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20
Q

Another name for Tonsillar Ring ?

A

Waldeyer’s Ring

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21
Q

Purpose of tonsillar ring ?

A

Immunologic protection, “First Pass” at the entrance of digestive and respiratory tracts

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22
Q

What are the four main tonsils in the ring ?

A
  1. Palantine
  2. Tubal
  3. phayngeal (adenoids)
  4. Lingual
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23
Q

Which tonsil is between palatophayngeal and palatoglossal

A

palantine

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24
Q

Which tonsil is in the lateral walls of the nasopharynx posterior to the auditory tube ?

A

Tubal

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25
Q

Which tonsil is at the roof of the nasopharynx?

A

Pharyngeal (adenoids)

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26
Q

Which tonsil is at the base of the tongue, posterior 2/3rds ?

A

Lingual

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27
Q

Why do we need saliva ?

A
  1. chemical break down of sugar
  2. Antibacterial Combat dryness
  3. Combat dryness
  4. Helps remineralize the tooth surface
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28
Q

Parotid gland develops from

step 1
step 2

A

an invagination of ectoderm between the maxillary and mandibular swelling

  1. Tubular ducts sink into the mesenchyme
  2. Duct opening in the mouth is transferred to the inner cheek via fusion of the max and mand swelling
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29
Q

Submandibular and sublingual glands form from …

A

form similar to how parotid gland forms but in the floor of the oral cavity

Forms from epithelial-mesenchymal interactions

30
Q

Which are the major salivary glands

A

Parotid Gland
Submandibular
Sublingual Glands

31
Q

Serous Secretion

A

thin, watery fluid
enzymes(amylases, peroxidases, lysozyme)
lactoferin
immunoglobulin A

32
Q

Lactoferrin

A

Chelates iron needed for bacterial growth

33
Q

Immunoglobulin A

A

Neutralizes bacteria and viruses

34
Q

Muccous Secretion

A

Thick fluid

Mucins (glycoproteins)

35
Q

Saliva composition

A

1-1.5L produced per day

Hypotonc solution (97% water containing)

36
Q

Saliva Stimulation/Innervation

A

Parasympathetic- thin Saliva

Sympathetic- Thicker Mucous

37
Q

Salivary Gland Histology

A

Made of epithelia and connective tissue (Encapsulated)

Acinar cells

38
Q

Acinar cells

A

specialized to secret all the time

39
Q

Salivary Ducts types

A

Intercalated Duct
Straited Duct
Excretory Duct

40
Q

Intercalated Duct

A
  1. Receives fluid from acinus

2. simple cuboidal epithelium

41
Q

Striated Duct

A
  1. Simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium
  2. Produces a hypotonic saliva (via reabsorbing NaCl)
  3. Secretes buffering bicarbonate into the saliva
42
Q

Excretory Duct

A
  1. Connect to the oral cavity
  2. simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium

(sometimes stratified columnar epithelium )

43
Q

Which duct is the only one able to change the composition of saliva?

A

Striated Ducts

44
Q

Which Duct delivers the product the glands produce?

A

Intercalated Duct

45
Q

Which duct receives the acinus?

A

Intercalated Duct

46
Q

What in saliva starts breaking down fats?

47
Q

Minor (intrinsic) Salivary Glands

A
  1. In tongue and lining oral mucosa

2. source of lipase and lysozyme

48
Q

What can damage Minor Salivary Glands?

49
Q

How are Minor Salivary Glands names?

A

location (labial, buccal, lingual, etc…)

50
Q

Which Salivary gland goes from lateral border of the face and anterior to the ear?

(Near the ear)

51
Q

Which Salivary gland produces 25% of Saliva ?

52
Q

The Parotid gland excretes via ?

A

Parotid duct ( Stensen’s Duct)

Parotid papilla

53
Q

Parotid gland is primarily _____ Secreting

54
Q

Which salivary gland is the largest?

55
Q

which salivary gland is affect by mumps?

56
Q

Parotid gland -Serous Acini

A

Acinar cells contain:
Enzymes ( amylase, Periosidase, Lysosyme)
Antimicrobial Proteins ( cystatins and histatins)

57
Q

Parotid gland - striated duct

A

carries products of acini and diluted the saliva via NaCl re absorption

IgA secreted from local plasma cells

58
Q

Which salivary gland is on the lateral border of the mandible

A

Submandibular salivary gland

59
Q

Which salivary gland produces 70% of Saliva ?

A

Submandibualr

60
Q

Submandibular Salivary gland secrets via

A

submandubular duct (Wharton’s Duct)

on booth sides of the lingual frenulum

61
Q

Submandibular is mostly __________ secretions

A

Mostly serous but also as some Mucous acini

62
Q

What duct are in the submandibular gland ?

A

Striated duct

63
Q

What produces 5% of Saliva?

A

Sublingual Salivary Gland

64
Q

Which salivary gland is below the anterior portion of the tongue?

A

Sublingual Salivary Gland

65
Q

Sublingual salivary gland excretes via

A
  1. Sublingual ducts (Bartholin’s Duct)

2. Ducts of Rivinus (in multiple locations of the floor of the tongue)

66
Q

Sublingual salivary gland secretions….

A

Mostly Mucous acini and some serious acini

67
Q

Which salivary gland is mostly mucous sections and no capsule ?

A

Sublingual

68
Q

Sailvary gland stones

A

Sailolithiosis

69
Q

Saliolithiosis causes

A

calcification of clogged duct

70
Q

Treatment of Sailolothiosis

A

Prevention is with hydration
Gland Massage
Sour Lemon Juice to increase Salivary Flow

Cellular Metabolism 1 (12 decks)

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