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Cellular Metabolism 1 > Histology- Epi and CT > Flashcards

Histology- Epi and CT Flashcards

1
Q

What is tissue?

A

cells that are not identical but come from the same germ layer and carry out similar function/goal

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2
Q

What is Epithelial tissue?

A
  1. Create Barriers
  2. Avascular
  3. Uninucleated, polyhedral, polarized cells
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3
Q

Connective tissue

A

Blood, bone, fat, ligaments, cartilage, loose ct, fill empty spaces vasculature and has nerves

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4
Q

Where does epithelial tissue come from?

A

From all three germ layers

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5
Q

What are the surfaces of epithelial tissue?

A

Apical

Basal

lateral surfaces

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6
Q

another name for connective tissue

A

Mucosa and Submucosa

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7
Q

Basement Membrane

A

Acellular Separation between epithelial and connective tissue

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8
Q

Where do you find epithelial tissue?

A
  1. Cover body surfaces
  2. Line internal cavities
  3. Present in various organs and glands
  4. Line ducts
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9
Q

glandular epithelium…

A

secretes

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10
Q

myoepithelium…

A

contracts

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11
Q

neuro-epithelium

A

sensory

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12
Q

Epithelial tissue nomenclature based on

A

cell layers

cell shape

surface modifications

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13
Q

What are the three primary cell shapes?

A

Squamous

Cuboidal

Columnar

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14
Q

What kind of cells are these?

A

Squamous

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15
Q

what cell type is this?

A

Simple Cuboidal

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16
Q

What cell type is this?

A

Columnar

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17
Q

what cell type is this?

A

transitional

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18
Q

Where would transitional cells be found?

when does it change shape?

A

urinary tract

(Bladder, renal pelvis, ureters)

empty–>squamous

full–>cuboidal

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19
Q

always name tissue based on its

A

Most superfical layer

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20
Q

The three types of layers are…

A

Simple

Layered

Pseudistratified

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21
Q

Pseudostratified are usually _____ and are usually found in _______

A

ciliated and are in the respiratory sytem

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22
Q

Endothelium

A

Linning of all vasculature

(Simple Squamous)

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23
Q

Mesothelium

A

Lines body cavity

(Simple Squamous Epithelium)

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24
Q

Epithelial tissue characteristics

A
  1. Not protective ( very thin)
  2. allows absorption and secretion
  3. controls permeability
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25
Q

Simple Cuboidal Characteristics

  1. Locations
  2. Functions
A
  1. Glands, Ducts, thyroid and kidney tubules
  2. secretion and absorption
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26
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium characteristics

  1. locations
  2. functions
A
  1. Gut, gallblader, uterine tines, collecting ducts of kidneys
  2. Protection (thicker), secretion, absorption
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27
Q

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

  1. Locations
  2. Functions
A
  1. Nasal cavity, trachea, brochi, poritons of male reproductive tracts
  2. Protection, secretion, move mucus with cillia
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28
Q

what is this cell?

A

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

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29
Q

What type of cells are these?

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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30
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

  1. Locations
  2. Functions
A
  1. Surface of the skin, linning of mouth, throat, rectum and anus
  2. Protects against abrasion and pathogens
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31
Q

What type of cell will you find on the surface of the skin, linning of mouth, throat, esophagus, vagina, rectum and anus

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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32
Q

what type of cells are these ?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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33
Q

What type of cells are these?

A

stratified squamous epothelium

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34
Q

What type of cells are these?

A

Simple Squamous

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35
Q

What type of cells are these?

what are the white cells?

A

Simple columnar

(white=goblet cells)

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36
Q

Microvili

  1. what are they
  2. Where do you find them?
A

1.30-fold enhancement of absorption

increase the surface area of cell

  1. gut and proximal convoluted tubule of the kidney
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37
Q

What are the Luminal surfaces modifications?

A
  1. Microvilli
  2. Stereocilia
  3. Cillia
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38
Q

Stereocilia

A
  1. Elongated (Immovable) Microvilli
  2. Found in Epididymis, vas deferens, sensory epi of ear
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39
Q

Cilia

A
  1. Motile Extension of cell
  2. Moves fluid and particles
  3. Dynein, ATPase activity
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40
Q

Dynein

A

mortor proteins that can propel

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41
Q

Microvilli are made of

A

actin fillament

42
Q

Cilia are made of..

A

Microtubules

(9+2)

43
Q

Epithelial Cells can be specialized to produce and secrete …

A

Protein

Mucin

Lipid (Steroid)

Ions and water

44
Q

Epithelial Cells can be specialized to produce and secrete are controlled under

A

hormonal/nervous control

45
Q

How can we can we distinguish the different types of epithelial secretory cells?

A

change in the organelle content

46
Q

Gland types

A

Exocrine and Endocrine

47
Q

Multicellular Glands

A

Exocrine

made of more than one cell

48
Q

Unicellular glands

A

Exocrine Glands

made one one cell

49
Q

Unicellular gland example

A

Goblet Cells

50
Q

Multicellular Gland Example

(4)

A

Intestinal Glands

Sweat Glands

Salivary Glands

Mammary Glands

(Exocrine)

51
Q

Branching or non branched duct portion of multicellular exocrine glands are called ?

A

Branched duct=compound

non-branched duct =simple

52
Q

If branches of a multicellular exocrine gland are only in the secretory portion of the gland it will be classified as ?

A

Simple

53
Q

Shape of secretory portion of multicellular exocrine glands will be named?

A

Shape= tubular or Acinar

Complexity= Coiled or Branched

54
Q

Classify the following glands

A

Top

Simple Tubular, Simple coiled Tubular, Simple branched tubular

Bottom

Simple Acinar, Simple Branched Acinar

55
Q

Examples of Simple Tubular Glands

A

Intestinal Gland

56
Q

Examples of Simple Coiled Tubular Glands

A

Merocrine Sweat Glands

57
Q

Examples of simple branched tubular glands

A

Gastric glands

Mucous Glands

Esphagus

tongue

duodenum

58
Q

Examples of Simple Acinar glands

A

Penile urethra

59
Q

Example of Simple branched alveolar glands

A

sebaceous (oil) glands

60
Q

What are these glands classified as

A

Left to right

Compound Tubular, Compound Acinar, Compound Tubuloalveolar

61
Q

Examples of Compound Acinar Glands

A

Mammary Glands

62
Q

Examples of Compound tubular glands

A

Mucous glands

bulbourethral glands

seminiferous tubules

63
Q

Examples of Compound Tubuloalveolar cells

A

salivary glands

pancreas

glands of the respiratory passages

64
Q

All connective tissue comes from which germ layer?

A

Mesoderm/Mesenchyme

65
Q

List the Connective Tissue Fibers

A

Collagen Fibers

Reticulin

Elastic Fibers

66
Q

Function of Connective tissue

A

support cells

produce abundant extracellular matrix that seperates cells from one another

67
Q

Universally Common Extracellular Components (Matrix)

(3)

A

Connective Tissue FIbers

Ground Substance

Extracellular Fluid

68
Q

Collagen Fibers are

A
  1. Most abundant, flexible and high strength

2.

69
Q

Collagen Fibers are made of

A

Collagen fibrils, monomers, called tropocollagen

(triple helix made of 3 intertwined polypeptide chains)

70
Q

Collagen fibers aa repating pattern

A

Glycine, hydroxyproline or hydroxylysine, and proline

71
Q

Type I Collagen

A

Strongest and most abundant (bones)

72
Q

Type II Collagen Fibers

A

Hyaline Cartilage

73
Q

Type III Collagen

A

Only one that branches

74
Q

Type IV and VII Collagen Fibers

A

Found in the basement membrane

75
Q

What type of tissue is this?

A

Collagen Fibers

76
Q

Reticulin

(3)

A
  1. provides supporting framework
  2. composed of type III collagen
  3. Branched

(connective tissue fibers)

77
Q

What is this a picture of?

A

Reticulin

78
Q

Elastic Fibers

A

Allow for response to stretch and distension.

Can Branch

79
Q

Elastic Fibers are made of

A

Elastin core and fibrillin microfibrils (thinner than collagen)

80
Q

Elastic Fibers are made by

A

fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells

81
Q

Where can you find elastic fibers?

A

Arteries

82
Q

What tissue is this?

A

Elastic Fibers

83
Q

What tissue is this?

A

Elastic Fibers

84
Q

Ground Substance

A
  1. Clear and Viscous
  2. High water content
  3. Little morphological structure
85
Q

What is the function of ground substance?

A

Diffusion of nutrients and wastes, lubricant, barrier

86
Q

what is the white portion of this tissue?

A

ground substance

87
Q

What is the primary component of Ground Substance?

A

Proteoglycans

(Large protein core molecules)

88
Q

What are Proteoglycans?

A

(Primary component of ground substance)

Protein core surrounded by covalently bound Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) molecules

89
Q

What is an example of a Proteoglycans ?

A

Muscin

90
Q

Connective Tissue Proper Classification

A

Loose Connective Tissue

Dense Connective Tissue

Irregular

Regular

91
Q

Specialized Connective Tissue

(6)

A

Adipose tissue

Cartilage

Bone

Blood

Hematopoietic tissue

Lymphatic tissue

92
Q

Loose Connective Tissue

A

Slender bundles of collagen, elastic, watery matrix, fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, fat cells

93
Q

What is this tissue?

A

Loose connective tissue

94
Q

Dense connective tissue

A
  1. Resistance and protection
  2. DCT→ fewer cells and a lot of fibers
  3. Irregular and Regular
95
Q

What tissue is this?

A

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

96
Q

What is this tissue?

A

Dense Irregular Tissue

97
Q

Fuctions of Adipose Tissue

A

Cushions

Insulates

Stores energy and water

Endocrine tissue (adipocytokines)

98
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

Dominant cell is the adipocyte (Solitary or clustered)

specialized connective tissue

99
Q

White Adipose Tissue

Brown Adipose Tissue

A

White- spherical or polyhedral (highly vascular)

Brown- many blood vessels and Mitochondria,Polygonal

100
Q

What is this tissue?

A

White Adipose Tissue

101
Q

What tissue is this?

A

Brown Adipose Tissue

Cellular Metabolism 1 (12 decks)

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