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Cellular Metabolism 1 > Oral nasal cavities > Flashcards

Oral nasal cavities Flashcards

1
Q

Infraorbital region

A

Bellow the orbital region

Between zygomatic and nasal region

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2
Q

Tubercle

A

Tip of upper lip

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3
Q

Outline of lip

A

Vermillion border (loose with age )

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4
Q

Corner of the mouth

A

Labial commissure

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5
Q

Facial cleft occur at

A

Any boundary btwn prominences

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6
Q

Placode thickening is induced by

A

It’s is the thinking of ectoderm

Induced by the brain

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7
Q

Nose is called

A

Nasal/olfactory placode

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8
Q

Medial and lateral prominences develop and form

A

Nasal pit

Ectodermal invagination

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9
Q

Nasal pit moves

A

Dorsally (makes a depression)

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10
Q

Medial and Lateral prominence merge to form

A

Nasal Sac
(Ectoderm)

Nasal Plug
(Epithelial plug that will degenerate)

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11
Q

Nasal placode swells

A

outward and surrounding the tissue will also swell making the nasal placode look sunk in `

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12
Q

Nasal sac and stomodeum ingvaginate

A

dorsally

both are ectodermaly lined

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13
Q

What happens week 5 in the nasal and oral cavity ?

A

oronassal membrane degrades

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14
Q

What happens in week 6 to the nasal and oral cavity ?

A

The two cavities join

Choanae: posterior nasal apartaures
primary palate

oral and nasal cavity total communication

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15
Q

Mekel’s cartilage

A

arch 1 (max and mand)

majority is associated with the mandible it does not ossify but rather signals for other cells to ossify. Only bone that directly come from mekel’s is malleus

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16
Q

What are the four sinuses

A

maxillary
ethmoid
frontal
sphenoid

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17
Q

Sinuses and nasal cavities form from

A

outgrowths of nasal cavity called Diverticulations

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18
Q

what are some functions of sinuses

A

give resonance of the voice
lighten the skull
humidifies air (helps)
buttresses: Nasomaxillary

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19
Q

Maxillary sinus form during

A

Late pregnancy

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20
Q

When does the frontal Sinus form?

A

Forms at 2 years old from Ethmoid sinus

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21
Q

when does ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses form?

A

form after birth

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22
Q

What humidifies air the most ?

A

nasal cavities

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23
Q

Nasal cavity histology (3) :

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia

goblet cells- rest on the basement membrane

vascular lamina propria- warms the air

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24
Q

Paranasal sinuses histology differences

A

thinner than the nasal mucosa with fewer goblet cells

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25
Q

Lamina propria

A

connective tissue with vasculature

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26
Q

Olfactory epithelium differences only in the superior part of nasal cavity

A

Bipolar olfactory nerve cells
formed from ectoderm
attach to olfactory blub

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27
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

all cells rest on the basement membrane

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28
Q

Development of the lower face

A

within 4-5 weeks
arch 1

two bulges form inferior to the stomatodeum

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29
Q

What is Meckel’s cartilage

A

the cartilage of the first branchial arch associated with the formation of the mandible

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30
Q

6 weeks meckel’s cartilage forms a

A

Rod surrounded by a fibrocellular capsule

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31
Q

Mandible formation

A

two Meckel’s cartilage but do not meet at the midline

separated by a thin line of cartilage called symphysis

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32
Q

what occurs on the lateral aspect of the symphysis in the mandible formation?

A

condensation of mesenchyme forms

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33
Q

At 7 weeks what kind of ossification forms the mandible bone ?

A

Intramembranous

ossification in the mesenchyme

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34
Q

How does the ramus of the mandible develop ?

A

rapid ossification posteriorly into the mesenchyme of the first arch

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35
Q

How does the mandible form/ connect at mid line?

A

intamembranous ossification spreads anteriorly until midline.

the bones do not fuse at midline –> mandibular symphysis forms (from Meckel’s cartilage)

36
Q

When does the mandible fully fuse ?

A

shortly after birth

37
Q

Meckel’s cartilage role is…

A

signals mesenchyme around it to ossify –> then the Meckel’s cartilage disintegrates

Meckel’s cartilage does not ossify

38
Q

What two structures directly come off from Meckel’s cartilage?

A
  1. posterior portion- malleus of the inner ear

2. sphenomandibular ligament

39
Q

Most of Meckel’s cartilage is

A

resorbed entirely

40
Q

Most anterior portion of Meckel’s cartilage near the midline contributes to the jaw via …

A

endochondral ossificaiton

41
Q

Anterior Palate

Posterior Palate

A

Anterior Palate = hard palate

posterior palate= soft palate

42
Q

Pterygomandibular fold/raphe

A

relax when swallowing large things

goes from distal mandibular tooth to the area between the mandible and the point at which the hard and soft palates

43
Q

When does the palate begin to form until when ?

A

Palate begins to form at 5-6 weeks until 12-13th week

44
Q

Palate formation develops from two segments :

A

Primary Palate/Pre-maxilla
Secondary Palate

the will fuse together

45
Q

Primary palate formation

A

Median Nasal Processes fuse and form:

Intermaxillary Segments

46
Q

Intermaxillary Segment

A

Forms from the Intermaxillary Segment then :

Median Palatine process –>
Fuses to form the primary palate ( hard palate)

47
Q

What makes up the hard palate ?

A
  1. Intermaxillary Segment
    ( which formed from the Median Nasal Processes)
  2. Some of the lateral shelves
48
Q

What makes up the secondary palate ?

A

Has some hard and some soft palate

49
Q

What makes up the soft palate?

A

Lateral Shelves

50
Q

Uvla?

A

Obstructs nasal cavity while swallowing ( Soft palate)

51
Q

The oronasal cavity is bounded

A

anteriorly by the primary palate and occupied by the developing tongue

52
Q

When can the the oral and nasal cavities be distinguished?

A

after the development if the secondary palate

53
Q

Maxillary process form:

A

Lateral palatal processes ( **fuse from anterior to posterior)

54
Q

What are the three outgrowths that appear in the oral cavity?

A

Nasal Septum

2 palatine shelves

55
Q

What need to get out of the way so that the palatine shelves can fuse (secondary palate formation)?

A

the tongue

56
Q

The nasal septum grows? Encounters?

A

grows downward through the oral cavity

encounters the primary and secondary palates

57
Q

When do nasal septum and shelves fuse ?

A

By the 12th week

58
Q

Completion of Palate

A
  1. Lataeral Palatal Shelves and Nasal septum for ventrally ( downward)
  2. Posterior part of primary palate meets the secondary palate and gradually fuse
  3. Mandibular growth releases tongue
59
Q

What need to occur before the primary palate and the secondary palate fuse together ?

A

The tongue need to get out of the way

60
Q

What releases the tongue?

A

Mandibular growth

61
Q

Fusion of plate leaves space for the

A

Incisive Canal/Nasopalatine canal

62
Q

Primary Palate goes from

A

Incisive Foreman to distal lateral incisors

63
Q

Secondary Palate goes from and includes …

A

Incisive foreman to Uvula

Includes:
Maxilla
Palatine bones
Soft Palate
Uvula
64
Q

Cleft treatment options

A

soft tissue -corrective surgery

hard tissue - obturator, partial dentures (kiddy partials)

65
Q

Development of tongue

From which arch?

A

Arch 1-Oral part of tongue (anterior 2/3)

Arch 3- Pharyngeal part of tongue (posterior 1/3)

66
Q

Which arches do not contribute to the tongue ?

A

Arch 2- contribution to the surface is lost

Arch 4- epiglottis and adjacent regions

67
Q

Germ cells of the tongue are:

A

Arch 1= anterior 2/3= ectoderm

Arch 3= posterior 1/3= endodermal

68
Q

How does the anterior part of the tongue form?

A

lateral lingual swelling

median tongue bud (tuberculum impar)

69
Q

How does the posterior part of the tongue form?

A

Copula/hypobranchial eminence

70
Q

Where does the copula/ hypobranchial eminence form from?

A

2nd 3rd and 4th branchial arches

71
Q

When the copula/hypobranchial eminence fuse it becomes …

A

the adult terminal sulcus

72
Q

Anterior 2/3 muscle formed from

A

occipital somites ( which migrate into the tongue area)

External tongue muscle

slide 37

73
Q

What do the occipital somites form ?

A

( Anterior tongue muscles)

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue
longitudinal, vertical and transverse muscles 1

slide 37

74
Q

What does the extrinsic tongue muscles form and attach to?

A

(Anterior tongue muscles)

have one attachment outside of the tongue

Muscles:
Palatoglossus
Hyloglossus
Styloglossus
Genioglossus
75
Q

Histology of the ventral side of tongue

A

lining mucosa

Non- keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

76
Q

Histology of the dorsal surface of the tongue

A
  1. Specialized mucosa (Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium)
  2. Papillae
  3. Taste Buds
  4. Glands ( serous and mucous)
77
Q

All papillae are extensions of the

A

nervous system that can sense chemicals

78
Q

Circumvallate (vallate)

A

7-12 large domed papillae arranged in a v just anterior to the sulcus terminalis

have taste buds

79
Q

Foliate

A

(papillae)
low parallel ridges on the lateral edge of tongue

have taste buds

80
Q

Fungiform

A

(Papillae)
mushroom shaped papillae that look like small spots

have taste buds

81
Q

Filiform

A

(Papillae)
smallest and most numerous papillae. Conical shape with highly keratinized epithelium

no taste buds

82
Q

Which papillae have taste buds

A

Circumvallate
Foliate
Fungiform
Filiform

83
Q

What are the types of Papillae

A

Circumvallate
Foliate
Fungiform
Filiform

84
Q

What Papillae does not have taste buds

A

Filiform

85
Q

Hairy Tongue is due to

A

caused by fungal/ bacterial infection

increased by dehydration, alcohol and tobacco

Cellular Metabolism 1 (12 decks)

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