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Cellular Metabolism 1 > Arches > Flashcards

Arches Flashcards

1
Q

When does the development of the pharyngeal arches occur?

A

Week 4-5

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2
Q

Neck develops from

A

Primitive pharynx

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3
Q

Pharyngeal apparatus are similar to…

A

Gills

Branchi = Greek for gill

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4
Q

Pharyngeal Apparatus consists of

A

Pharyngeal arches
Pharyngeal punches
Pharyngeal grooves
Pharyngeal membrane

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5
Q

Pharyngeal arches

A

Mesoderm and ectoderm neural crest cells

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6
Q

Pharyngeal pouches

A

Endodermal tissue (inside)

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7
Q

Pharyngeal grooves

A

Ectoderm outside

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8
Q

Pharyngeal membrane

A

Pouch on the inside and grooves on the outside

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9
Q

Mesenchymal tissue in arches

A

Multi potent stem cells that can move around are derived form neural crest cells

They can eventually become mesoderm and ectoderm

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10
Q

When do pharyngeal arches form?

A

Fourth week

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11
Q

What starts the formation of pharyngeal arches ?

A

Neural crest cells migrate into the head and neck region

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12
Q

The first arch will form as

A

Elevations lateral to the devloping pharynx

Develop in cranial caudal fashion

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13
Q

Neural crest cells form from

A

Developing neural plate ( which formed from the notochord)

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14
Q

Neural crest cells migrate from

A

Posterior neural tube region to the anterior

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15
Q

What do neural crest cells carry

A

Genetic code for development

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16
Q

Day 24

A

Rapid proliferation mesenchyme begin to form prominences

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17
Q

Stomodaeum

A

Mouth

Formed by ectoderm invagination

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18
Q

Oral cavity (periodontum, enamel, etc.) develop from

A

Ectoderm

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19
Q

Stomodaum and primitive pharynx separated by

A

Buccopharyngeal membrane

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20
Q

Buccopharyngeal membrane will

A

Ruptures via apoptosis and create the opening to the oropharynx

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21
Q

Another name for pharyngeal arches

A

Branchial arches

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22
Q

Bars of mesenchyme aggregates and form

A

Arches
Clefts/grooves
Internal pouches

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23
Q

The first pharyngeal arch develops

A

(Mandibular arch)

Develops maxillary and mandibular prominences

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24
Q

The second pharyngeal arch develops into

A

(Hyoid arch)

Contributes to the formation of the hyoid bone

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25
Arches made of
Mesenchyme encased in external ectoderm and internal endoderm
26
Arches contains a
Nerve Artery Cartilage (bone precursor) Muscle group
27
Arches 3rd week- | Arches 4-6weeks-
Bulges are mesenchyme (3rd) | Neural crest cells (4-6)
28
How many arches are there ?
6 arches 1,2,3,4,6
29
Arch I contains
Maxillary and mandibular prominences
30
Arch V and Arch VI are
Do not form visible prominences
31
Arch V
Degenerates
32
Arch I arteries
Maxillary Artery
33
Arch II arteries
``` Stapedial artery (embryonic) then Corticotympanic artery (adult). ```
34
Arch III arteries
Carotid artery
35
Arch IV arteries
Part of aorta | Right subclavian artery
36
Arch VI arteries
Pulmonary Artery roots
37
Arch I Cartilage
Maxillary and mandibular (meckel's) cartilage Malleus and incus
38
Arch II Cartilage
``` Reichert's cartilage forms: Stapes Styloid process Stylohyoid ligament Lesser horn of the hyoid ```
39
Arch III Cartilage
Greater horn of the hyoid
40
Arch IV Cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
41
Arch VI Cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
42
Arch I Nerves
Trigeminal Nerve V Maxillary branch 2 Mandibular branch 3
43
Arch II Nerves
Facial Nerve VII
44
Arch III nerves
Glossopharyngeal Nerve IX Tongue
45
Arch IV Nerves
Vagus Nerve X
46
Arch VI Nerves
Vagus Nerve X
47
Ectodermal invagination from epibranchial Placodes form
Nerve ganglion of | cranial nerves V, VII, IX, X
48
Arch I muscle
Mastication muscles
49
Arch II Muscle
``` Stapedius Stylohyoid Posterior belly of digastric Auricular Muscles of facial expression ```
50
Arch III muscles
Stylopharyngeus | elevates larynx and pharynx for swallowing
51
Arch IV Muscles
(Facilitates swallowing) Cricothyroid Levator Veli Palatini Constrictors of Pharynx
52
Arch VI Muscles
(Sound production) | Intrinsic muscles of the larynx
53
Derivatives
Formations originating from: Clefts/grooves (external ectoderm) Pouches (internal endoderm)
54
Which derivatives are more complex
Pouches
55
Celft I
Formed from arch 1 | Cleft 1 forms external auditory meatus
56
Pharyngeal arch 2 becomes
Rapid proliferation of mesenchyme grows over remaining clefts
57
Clefts 2-4
Form the cervical sinus that normally resorbs
58
Cervical cysts
always on the lateral edge of neck Anterior to sternocliedomastiod Can be isolated or externally fistulated (leakage of material)
59
Pharyngeal Pouch 1 | Derivatives
Pharyngotympanic tube | Enlarges and gets close to cleft 1 ear related
60
Pharyngeal Pouch 2 | Derivatives
Palatine tonsil
61
Pharyngeal Pouch 3 | Derivatives
Inferior parathyroid gland (dorsal) | Thymus (ventral)
62
Pharyngeal Pouch 4 | Derivatives
Superior parathyroid gland (dorsal) | Ultimo branchial body ( ventral/superior)
63
What contribute c cells
Ultimo brachial body
64
Cleft are | Pouches are
Outside | Internal
65
Pouches | Internal endoderm forms
Outline for future oropharynx
66
Pouches form around oropharynx called
Pharyngeal pouches that will form pharyngeal derivatives
67
Inferior parathyroid gland border
Pouch 3 Joins the inferior posterior border of the thyroid
68
Thymus descends ...
Pouch 3 Foregut
69
Superior parathyroid gland borders
Pouch 4 Joins the superior border of the thyroid
70
Ultimobranchial body joins
Pouch 4 The thyroid and forms follicular c cells that produce calcitonin
71
Which pouch will grow faster 3 or 4?
Pouch 3
72
Thyroid migrates from
Foramen cecum to bellow the cricoid
73
Migration of thyroid forms
Thyroglossal duct (tongue thyroid)
74
Cleft of poor thyroid migration
Can form thyroglossal duct cyst
75
Primitive thyroid forms at
Midline of the pharynx below the tuberculum impar
76
Thyroid can start functioning as early as
The 10th week
77
When and where is the final portion of the thyroid in position
Week 7 Two thyroid lobes inferior to the cricoid cartilage
78
Thyroglossal duct
Where the thyroid primordium descends through the neck Degenerates at end of 5th week
79
Problems that arise with the Thyroglossal duct
Portion of the duct persists as a cyst or sinus on the neck Fragment of thyroid breaks off during descent and form ectopic tyriod tissue
80
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Thyroid migration issue Always midline of the neck Cysts can be confined or fistulated through the oral duct ( can cause obstruction of the airway)
81
Which two arches are associated with tounge development ?
Arch 1 and 2
82
When does tounge development occur?
Around week 4
83
What starts the formation of the the tounge ?
Proliferation of mesenchyme resulting in the formation of several swelling
84
Oral part (anterior 2/3) develops from the fusion of:
Lateral lingual swellings | Median tongue bud ( tuberculum impar)
85
Pharyngeal part/root of the tounge (posterior 1/3) develops from:
Copula/hypobranchial eminence Forms from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th branchial arteries
86
Muscles of the tounge arise from
Occipital Somites which migrate into the tongue area
87
Primary defect in arch 1
Facial clefting
88
Micrognathia
Defect in arch 1 Small mouth
89
Hemifacial microstomia
Defect in arch 2 When one half of the face is underdeveloped or doesn't grow normally
90
Digerorge syndrome
Defect in arch 3 and 4 Infant has seizures Ventricular septal defect Small mandible
91
Defect in arch 4
Heart issues

Cellular Metabolism 1 (12 decks)

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