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Cellular Metabolism 1 > Arches > Flashcards

Arches Flashcards

1
Q

When does the development of the pharyngeal arches occur?

A

Week 4-5

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2
Q

Neck develops from

A

Primitive pharynx

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3
Q

Pharyngeal apparatus are similar to…

A

Gills

Branchi = Greek for gill

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4
Q

Pharyngeal Apparatus consists of

A

Pharyngeal arches
Pharyngeal punches
Pharyngeal grooves
Pharyngeal membrane

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5
Q

Pharyngeal arches

A

Mesoderm and ectoderm neural crest cells

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6
Q

Pharyngeal pouches

A

Endodermal tissue (inside)

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7
Q

Pharyngeal grooves

A

Ectoderm outside

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8
Q

Pharyngeal membrane

A

Pouch on the inside and grooves on the outside

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9
Q

Mesenchymal tissue in arches

A

Multi potent stem cells that can move around are derived form neural crest cells

They can eventually become mesoderm and ectoderm

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10
Q

When do pharyngeal arches form?

A

Fourth week

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11
Q

What starts the formation of pharyngeal arches ?

A

Neural crest cells migrate into the head and neck region

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12
Q

The first arch will form as

A

Elevations lateral to the devloping pharynx

Develop in cranial caudal fashion

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13
Q

Neural crest cells form from

A

Developing neural plate ( which formed from the notochord)

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14
Q

Neural crest cells migrate from

A

Posterior neural tube region to the anterior

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15
Q

What do neural crest cells carry

A

Genetic code for development

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16
Q

Day 24

A

Rapid proliferation mesenchyme begin to form prominences

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17
Q

Stomodaeum

A

Mouth

Formed by ectoderm invagination

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18
Q

Oral cavity (periodontum, enamel, etc.) develop from

A

Ectoderm

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19
Q

Stomodaum and primitive pharynx separated by

A

Buccopharyngeal membrane

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20
Q

Buccopharyngeal membrane will

A

Ruptures via apoptosis and create the opening to the oropharynx

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21
Q

Another name for pharyngeal arches

A

Branchial arches

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22
Q

Bars of mesenchyme aggregates and form

A

Arches
Clefts/grooves
Internal pouches

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23
Q

The first pharyngeal arch develops

A

(Mandibular arch)

Develops maxillary and mandibular prominences

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24
Q

The second pharyngeal arch develops into

A

(Hyoid arch)

Contributes to the formation of the hyoid bone

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25
Q

Arches made of

A

Mesenchyme encased in external ectoderm and internal endoderm

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26
Q

Arches contains a

A

Nerve
Artery
Cartilage (bone precursor)
Muscle group

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27
Q

Arches 3rd week-

Arches 4-6weeks-

A

Bulges are mesenchyme (3rd)

Neural crest cells (4-6)

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28
Q

How many arches are there ?

A

6 arches

1,2,3,4,6

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29
Q

Arch I contains

A

Maxillary and mandibular prominences

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30
Q

Arch V and Arch VI are

A

Do not form visible prominences

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31
Q

Arch V

A

Degenerates

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32
Q

Arch I arteries

A

Maxillary Artery

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33
Q

Arch II arteries

A 
Stapedial artery (embryonic) then
Corticotympanic artery (adult).
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34
Q

Arch III arteries

A

Carotid artery

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35
Q

Arch IV arteries

A

Part of aorta

Right subclavian artery

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36
Q

Arch VI arteries

A

Pulmonary Artery roots

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37
Q

Arch I Cartilage

A

Maxillary and mandibular (meckel’s) cartilage

Malleus and incus

38
Q

Arch II Cartilage

A 
Reichert's cartilage forms: 
Stapes 
Styloid process 
Stylohyoid ligament
Lesser horn of the hyoid
39
Q

Arch III Cartilage

A

Greater horn of the hyoid

40
Q

Arch IV Cartilage

A

Thyroid cartilage

41
Q

Arch VI Cartilage

A

Cricoid cartilage

42
Q

Arch I Nerves

A

Trigeminal Nerve V

Maxillary branch 2
Mandibular branch 3

43
Q

Arch II Nerves

A

Facial Nerve VII

44
Q

Arch III nerves

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve IX

Tongue

45
Q

Arch IV Nerves

A

Vagus Nerve X

46
Q

Arch VI Nerves

A

Vagus Nerve X

47
Q

Ectodermal invagination from epibranchial Placodes form

A

Nerve ganglion of

cranial nerves V, VII, IX, X

48
Q

Arch I muscle

A

Mastication muscles

49
Q

Arch II Muscle

A 
Stapedius 
Stylohyoid 
Posterior belly of digastric 
Auricular 
Muscles of facial expression
50
Q

Arch III muscles

A

Stylopharyngeus

elevates larynx and pharynx for swallowing

51
Q

Arch IV Muscles

A

(Facilitates swallowing)
Cricothyroid
Levator Veli Palatini
Constrictors of Pharynx

52
Q

Arch VI Muscles

A

(Sound production)

Intrinsic muscles of the larynx

53
Q

Derivatives

A

Formations originating from:
Clefts/grooves (external ectoderm)
Pouches (internal endoderm)

54
Q

Which derivatives are more complex

55
Q

Celft I

A

Formed from arch 1

Cleft 1 forms external auditory meatus

56
Q

Pharyngeal arch 2 becomes

A

Rapid proliferation of mesenchyme grows over remaining clefts

57
Q

Clefts 2-4

A

Form the cervical sinus that normally resorbs

58
Q

Cervical cysts

A

always on the lateral edge of neck

Anterior to sternocliedomastiod

Can be isolated or externally fistulated (leakage of material)

59
Q

Pharyngeal Pouch 1

Derivatives

A

Pharyngotympanic tube

Enlarges and gets close to cleft 1
ear related

60
Q

Pharyngeal Pouch 2

Derivatives

A

Palatine tonsil

61
Q

Pharyngeal Pouch 3

Derivatives

A

Inferior parathyroid gland (dorsal)

Thymus (ventral)

62
Q

Pharyngeal Pouch 4

Derivatives

A

Superior parathyroid gland (dorsal)

Ultimo branchial body ( ventral/superior)

63
Q

What contribute c cells

A

Ultimo brachial body

64
Q

Cleft are

Pouches are

A

Outside

Internal

65
Q

Pouches

Internal endoderm forms

A

Outline for future oropharynx

66
Q

Pouches form around oropharynx called

A

Pharyngeal pouches that will form pharyngeal derivatives

67
Q

Inferior parathyroid gland border

A

Pouch 3

Joins the inferior posterior border of the thyroid

68
Q

Thymus descends …

A

Pouch 3

Foregut

69
Q

Superior parathyroid gland borders

A

Pouch 4

Joins the superior border of the thyroid

70
Q

Ultimobranchial body joins

A

Pouch 4

The thyroid and forms follicular c cells that produce calcitonin

71
Q

Which pouch will grow faster 3 or 4?

72
Q

Thyroid migrates from

A

Foramen cecum to bellow the cricoid

73
Q

Migration of thyroid forms

A

Thyroglossal duct (tongue thyroid)

74
Q

Cleft of poor thyroid migration

A

Can form thyroglossal duct cyst

75
Q

Primitive thyroid forms at

A

Midline of the pharynx below the tuberculum impar

76
Q

Thyroid can start functioning as early as

A

The 10th week

77
Q

When and where is the final portion of the thyroid in position

A

Week 7

Two thyroid lobes inferior to the cricoid cartilage

78
Q

Thyroglossal duct

A

Where the thyroid primordium descends through the neck

Degenerates at end of 5th week

79
Q

Problems that arise with the Thyroglossal duct

A

Portion of the duct persists as a cyst or sinus on the neck

Fragment of thyroid breaks off during descent and form ectopic tyriod tissue

80
Q

Thyroglossal duct cyst

A

Thyroid migration issue

Always midline of the neck

Cysts can be confined or fistulated through the oral duct ( can cause obstruction of the airway)

81
Q

Which two arches are associated with tounge development ?

A

Arch 1 and 2

82
Q

When does tounge development occur?

A

Around week 4

83
Q

What starts the formation of the the tounge ?

A

Proliferation of mesenchyme resulting in the formation of several swelling

84
Q

Oral part (anterior 2/3) develops from the fusion of:

A

Lateral lingual swellings

Median tongue bud ( tuberculum impar)

85
Q

Pharyngeal part/root of the tounge (posterior 1/3) develops from:

A

Copula/hypobranchial eminence

Forms from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th branchial arteries

86
Q

Muscles of the tounge arise from

A

Occipital Somites which migrate into the tongue area

87
Q

Primary defect in arch 1

A

Facial clefting

88
Q

Micrognathia

A

Defect in arch 1

Small mouth

89
Q

Hemifacial microstomia

A

Defect in arch 2

When one half of the face is underdeveloped or doesn’t grow normally

90
Q

Digerorge syndrome

A

Defect in arch 3 and 4

Infant has seizures
Ventricular septal defect
Small mandible

91
Q

Defect in arch 4

A

Heart issues

Cellular Metabolism 1 (12 decks)

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