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Cellular Metabolism 1 > McMillian > Flashcards

McMillian Flashcards

1
Q

what are the stages of tooth development?

A

Initiation

Bud

Cap

Bell

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2
Q

What week does odontogenesis occur?

A

6th Prental week

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3
Q

What are the two tissue types of initiation of odontogenesis

A
  1. Oral epithelium (Dental Lamina) 2. Ectomesenchyme
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4
Q

Steps of Initiation of Odontogenesis 2 steps

A
  1. Formation of all hard tissues and soft tissue surrounding the tooth
  2. Induction is the main process involved
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5
Q

Hard tissue of teeth

A

Enamel

Dentin

Cementum

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6
Q

Soft tissue of teeth

A

PDL

pulp

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7
Q

What is the primary epithelial Band formation ?

week 6-7

A
  1. Thickened epithelium (ectoderm) in location of future jaw
  2. Rapid Cell Division
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8
Q

Primary Epithelial Band Formation gives rise to …

A

Dental Lamina and Vestibular Lamina

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9
Q

Bud Stage occurs at which week?

A

8th week prenatally

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10
Q

What happens in Bud Stage?

A

Dental Lamina grows into a bud and penetrates/influences the growing ectomesenchyme

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11
Q

What does the stellate reticulum make?

A

Glycosaminoglycans (attracts water)

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12
Q

The Bud becomes the

A

Enamel organ shaped like a cap (Cap stage)

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13
Q

In the Cap Stage Mesenchyme becomes

A

Dental Papilla

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14
Q

In the cap stage Inner Enamel epithelial cells become

A

Ameloblasts

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15
Q

What makes the Ameloblasts ?

A

Inner enamel epithelial cells

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16
Q

What are Ameloblasts?

A

Cells during tooth development that deposit tooth enamel

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17
Q

What are Stellate Reticulum ?

A

Star shaped cells connected to each other Makes Glycosaminoglycans

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18
Q

In the cap stage the dental follicle surrounding ?

A

Dental Papilla and Enamel Organ

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19
Q

Developmental Abnormalities occurring in the Cap Stage

A
  1. Dens in dente (Dens Invaginalis)
  2. Fusion
  3. Gemination
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20
Q

Dens in dente ( dens invaginalis)

A
  1. Tooth within a tooth
  2. Enamel organ expands more than it should and it invaginates into the dental papilla

(Cap Stage)

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21
Q

Fusion

A
  1. Fewer number of teeth
  2. Extra wide crown with one pulp cavity
  3. Union of two teeth by dentin and enamel

(Cap Stage)

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22
Q

Gemmination

A
  1. Correct Number of Teeth
  2. Wide Bifid Crown
  3. One tooth germ attempting to divide into two
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23
Q

What makes the tooth germ ?

A
  1. Enamel Organ
  2. Dental Papilla
  3. Dental Follicle
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24
Q

Histodifferentiation

A

Bell Stage

  • In the enamel organ
  • Stellate reticulum →inner & outer enamel epithelia
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25
Q

Ameloblasts start forming ……..

What stage?

A

Bell Stage

enamel at cusp tips and move outward

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26
Q

Odontoblasts start forming….

(What stage?)

A

Bell Stage

  • start formin dentin and move inward
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27
Q

What forms the crown ?

(What stage)

A

Bell Stage

  • inner enamel epithelium
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28
Q

When does the dental lamina disintegrates?

A

Bell Stage

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29
Q

Histodifferentiated enamel organ

(What stage)

A

Early Bell Stage

Cervical loop region is supported up the basal lamina

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30
Q

Bell stage abnormalities

A
  1. Macrodontia
  2. Microdontia (peg lateral)
  3. Amelogenesis Imperfect (enamel deffect -yellow)
  4. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta (deffective dentin- opaque)
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31
Q

Tooth germ→Dental Follicle→ (3)

A

Dental Follicle→Cementoblasts→Cementum

Dental Follicle→Fibroblasts →Periodontal Ligament

Dental Follicle→Osteoblasts →Alveolar Bone

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32
Q

Tooth Germ→Dental Papilla → (2)

A

Dental Papilla →Odontoblasts→Dentin

Dental Papilla →Undifferentiated Mesenchymal →Pulp

cells Fibroblasts

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33
Q

Tooth germ→Enamel organ →Cervical loop

A

Ceverical Loop→Hertwig’s root sheath→Root Form

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34
Q

Tooth Germ→Enamel Organ→?

to get to Primary Juctional Epithelium

A

stellate reticulum→ inner+ outer enamel epithelium→ reduced enamel epithelium→ Primary Juctional Epithelium

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35
Q

What do the inner enamel epithelial cells become?

A

Tooth Germ→Enamel Organ→Inner Enamel Epithelium→Ameloblasts→Enamel

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36
Q

What are the two types of Dentin?

A

Primary Dentin

Secondary Dentin

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37
Q

Primary Dentin

A

While tooth is forming and erupting

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38
Q

Secondary Dentin

A

After the tooth has erupted and root almost done

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39
Q

Tertiary Dentin

A

Response to trauma

(Attrition, Caries, Dental Restorations)

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40
Q

Types of Primary Dentin

A
  1. Mantle Dentin
  2. Interglobular ( or Globular Dentin)
  3. Circumpulpal Dentin
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41
Q

Mantle Dentin

A

Next to DEJ

Large collagen fibers

Primary Dentin

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42
Q

Interglobular (or Globular) Dentin

know this

A

Globules are Calcified

Intergloubular spaces are hypomineraized

Primary Dentin

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43
Q

Circumpulpal Dentin

A
  • Bulk of the Dentin
  • Thinner in the root
  • has small collagen fibers

Primary Dentin

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44
Q

Peritubular Dentin

A
  • Hypermineralized
  • Found in dentin except near pulp and interglobular dentin
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45
Q

Intertubular Dentin

A
  • Primary product of odontoblasts
  • Lies between tubules
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46
Q

Dead Tracts

A
  1. Death of odontoblasts due to old age and trauma
  2. Tubules are open
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47
Q

Sclerotic Dentinal Tubules

A
  • Permeabile to pulp eliminated (pulp protection)
  • increase with age

(Dentinal fluid in tubule crystalizes )

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48
Q

Another name for sclerotic Dentinal tubules

A

Transparent dentin

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49
Q

Lines of Von Ebner

A
  • Dentin growth lines
  • Every 5 days 20 microns are formed
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50
Q

Neonatal Line

A
  • Only primary teeth
  • Dentin before birth is superfical (perfect)
  • Neonatal Line
  • Dentin after birth is deep ( more imprefections)
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51
Q

Granular Layer of Tomes in Root Dentin

A

Interface of collagen and noncollagenous matrix proteins between cementum and dentin

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52
Q

Dentinogenesis

A

formation of dentin via

  1. Odontoblasts
  2. Predentin
  3. Enamel
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53
Q

Predentin

A

Unmineralized Dentin

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54
Q

Odontoblasts remain functional for________

Ameloblasts remain functional for_________

A

Odontoblasts- functional for life

Ameloblasts stop

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55
Q

What does the mineralization of predentin do to the odontoblast ?

A

Lengthens them

(no other diifrentiation can occur)

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56
Q

Dentin is formed in two phases

A
  1. Predentin-organic matrix deposited
  2. inorganic mineral substance is added
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57
Q

Mineralization of Predentin

A
  1. Crystals of Calcium Hydroxyapetite appear in the matrix vesicles
  2. Crystals grow and rupture the membrane and clump with other crystals
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58
Q

In what stage of tooth development does dentinogenesis start?

A

Early Bell Stage

59
Q

How does the odontoblast process change as it lays down dentin? What direction does it move?

A

It elongates outward

60
Q

Lines of Retzius

A

(Enamel Striae)

may represent appositional (incremental) growth of enamel

61
Q

Transverse section of Lines of retzius look like

A

Concentric rings (like growth rings in a tree)

62
Q

Neonatal Line is an accentuated

A

straie of Retzius

63
Q

Neonatal Line represents physiological changes on______at birth

A

ameloblasts

64
Q

Hunter-Schreger bands

A
  • alternating dark and light lines due to changes in direction of enamel rods
  • found in inner 2/3 of enamel
65
Q

Enamel Tufts

A
  • Groups of of hyomineralized enamel rods
  • short dark projections near DEJ

(no known clinical significance)

66
Q

Neonatal line is also found in?

67
Q

Enamel Spindle

A
  • Odontoblastic remnats that become stuck durring differentiation of ameloblasts
  • Extensions of dential tubules (tip)
68
Q

Amelogenesis starts in the

A

early bell stage

69
Q

Ameloblasts start to lay down…

A

enamel starting at the crown working down to the CEJ

70
Q

Inner Enamel Epithelium differentiate to beome

(When does this happen)

A

Ameloblasts

(after some dentin has been laid down by odontoblasts)

71
Q

Tomes’ Process of the ameloblast

A

(Secretory Stage of Amelogenesis)

lays down enamel →moves pulpally

72
Q

Tomes’ Fiber of the odontoblast

A

As dentin is formed the odontoblast moves pulpally

73
Q

As amelogenesis is completed and amelogenin is deposited

A

the matrix begins to mineralize

74
Q

Ameloblast Analogy: Tome’s Process is like a frosting tip. …..

A

It secretes the vesicles which carry the enamel products that will make up enamel rods and interrods.

75
Q

Secretor stage

mineral deposit % of enamel

A

25% - intial mineral deposit Ameloblast

70%- mineral deposit from growth of crystals

4-5%- organic and water

76
Q

Time between enamel matrix depostion and mineralization is

77
Q

secretory/maturative stage

A

enamel matrix formation and mineralization start at the cusp tips then goes cervically to the CEJ

78
Q

Pulp Zones

A
  1. Odontoblasts
  2. Cell free Zone of Weil
  3. Cell rich zone
  4. Pulp ( pulp proper, central zone)
79
Q

Pulpal Innervation

A

Can onlt transmit only pain signals

no proprioceptors

80
Q

Proprioceptors

A

are sensory receptors that respond to position and movement

81
Q

What is the plexus in the pulpal innervation?

A

Plexus of Raschkow (parietal layer)

82
Q

Plexus of Raschkow consists of

A

consists of myelinated and unmyelinated nerves

83
Q

Types of nerves in the pulp

A

A Delta fibers

C Fibers

84
Q

A delta fibers

A
  • Myelinated sensory nerve fibers
  • Fast, sharp, pricking pain
  • 90% of nerve fibers are A delta
85
Q

Where are A delta fibers located ?

A

coronal (odontoblastic) area of pulp

86
Q

C Fibers

A
  • Unmyelinated
  • Slow, dull, burning, aching pain
87
Q

Types of Cementum

A

Acellular (primary) Cementum

Cellular (Secondary) Cementum

88
Q

Acellular (primary) Cementum

A
  • Thin layer surrounding the root next to the dentin
  • Has no cells
89
Q

Cellular (secondary) cementum

A
  • Less mineralized
  • thicker
  • along the apical root and interradicular areas of multi rooted teeth
90
Q

Cementocytes

A
  1. cemntoblasts enclosed in a self-generated matrix (lacunae)
  2. Matrix mineralized
  3. Cemntoblasts stop secreting become Cementocyte
91
Q

Periodontal Ligament Forms from

A

ectomesenchyme present in the dental follicle

92
Q

Periodontal Ligament differntiate to fibroblasts and create

A

collagen fibers

sharpey’s fibers (type 1 collagen)

93
Q

Cells of the periodontal Ligament

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Macrophages, mast cells , eosinophils (aid in defense)
  3. Osteoclast
  4. Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
  5. Cementoblasts, Cementoclasts
94
Q

Fibroblasts in the periodontal ligament

A

most abundant cells

PDL has high collagen content

Rapid Replacement of fibers

makes collagen

95
Q

Principle Fibers

A
  1. Gingival Group
  2. Dentoalveolar Group
  3. Fibers are collagen bundles that attach teeth to gingiiva or bone
96
Q

Which fibers attach teeth to teeth?

A

Transseptal fibers

97
Q

Apical Fibers

  1. Group
  2. Function
  3. Attach
A
  1. Dentoalveolar Group
  2. Resist Vertical Forces
  3. Attach tooth to gingiva
98
Q

Oblique Fibers

  1. Group
  2. Function
  3. Attach
A
  1. Dentoalveolar Group
  2. Resist Vertical and Intrusive Forces
  3. Attach teeth to bone
99
Q

Horizontal Fibers

  1. Group
  2. Function
  3. Attach
A
  1. Dentoalveolar
  2. Resist horisontal and tipping forces
  3. Attach teeth to gingiva
100
Q

Alveolar Crest

  1. Group
  2. Function
  3. Attach
A
  1. Dentoalveolar
  2. Resist Vertical and intrusive forces
  3. teeth to gingiva
101
Q

Interradicularr

  1. Group
  2. Function
  3. Attach
A
  1. Dentoalveolar group
  2. Resist vertical and lateral movement
  3. attach teeth to gingiva
102
Q

Transseptal Fibers

  1. Group
  2. Function
  3. Attach
A
  1. gingival group
  2. resist tooth movement mesial distal
  3. teeth to teeth
103
Q

Name all the dentoalveolar fibers

A

Apical

Obliqe

Horizontal

Alveolar Crest

Interradicular

A, O, H, AC, I

104
Q

Circular Fibers

  1. Group
  2. Function
  3. Attach
A
  1. Gingival Fiber Group
  2. Form a bandaround tooth, interlacing with eachother
  3. attach tooth to gingiva
105
Q

Dentogingival

  1. Group
  2. Function
  3. Attach
A
  1. Gingival Fiber
  2. 3 Most numerous, ectend from cervial cementum to lamina propria of attached and free gingiva
106
Q

Alveologingivial fiber

  1. Group
  2. Function
  3. Attach
A
  1. extend from the bone of the alveolar crest into the lamina propria of the attached and free gingiva
107
Q

Dentoperiosteal

  1. Group
  2. Function
  3. Attach
A
  1. Gingival fibers
  2. run apically over periosteum and into the vestibule or floor of the mouth
108
Q

Oxytalin Fibers

A
  • type of elastic fiber
  • go obliquely from cementum to blood vessels
109
Q

Sharpey’s Fibers

A
  • Collagnours Fibers
  • Embedded in Cementum and alveolar bone proper
110
Q

Osteoclasts

A

bone resorption in periodontal disease

111
Q

Alveolar Bone is made of

A
  1. Alveolus
  2. Alveolar Bone Proper
  3. Supporting Bone
112
Q

name of tooth socket

113
Q

Bone linninig the tooth socket

A

Alveolar Bone proper

114
Q

Lamina dura

A

is alveolar bone proper in radiographic terms

115
Q

cancellous bone that inderlies the alveolar bone proper

A

supporting bone

116
Q

another name for alveolar bone proper ?

A

Lamina dura

cribiform plate

117
Q

Another name for Trabecular Bone ?

A

Supporting

Cancellous

spongy

118
Q

Bundle Bone

A

inner linning of the alveolar bone

where the periodontal ligament fibers (sharpey’s fibers) connnect to bone

119
Q

Cortical Bone vs. cancellous (trabecular) bone

A

Cortical (outside)

cancellous (inside)

both have haversian (osteon) systems

120
Q

Another name for Haversian system is

A

Osteon ( cylindrical in shape)

121
Q

Types of Gingiva

A

Free or marginal gingiva

Attached Gingiva

122
Q

Free or marginal gingiva

(attached gingiva)

A
  1. keratinized
  2. From gingival margin to the free gingival groove
123
Q

oral mucosa, attached

A
  • keratinized
  • Bound to the alveolar bone and the tooth
  • goes from free gingival groove to muccogingival junction
124
Q

Junctional Epithelium

A
  • Not attached to enamel , but parts of the cementum
  • where gingiva attaches to the tooth creating a seal
125
Q

Junctional Epithelium attachment apparatus

A

hemidesmosomes attach to the basal lamina

cej

126
Q

Interdental Papilla

A
  • Stippling of the attached gingiva similar to surface of an orange peel
  • occupy the embrasure (cervical space where teeth contact)
128
Q

Interdental Col

A

Valley between buccal and lingual peaks

(Near contact point of two adjacent teeth)

129
Q

Oral Mucosa

A

stratified squamous epithelium and lamina propia(CT)

130
Q

Lamina Propria

A

made of type I and III collagen, elastic fibers, and ground substance

(fibroblasts, endothelial, immune cells, blood vessels)

  1. Papillary Layer
  2. Reticular Layer
131
Q

papillary layer

****know this

A

(part of lamina propria)

  • Btwn epithelial ridges
  • collagen fibers are thin and loose
132
Q

Reticular Layer

A

(part of Lamina Propria)

  1. collagen fibers are thick , wavey and parallel
133
Q

Succedaneous teeth

A

teeth that take over a position formerly occupied by a primary tooth

(Incisors, canines, and bicuspids/premolars)

134
Q

Nonsuccedaneous

A

Teeth are Molars. Do not move into position formerly occupied by a primary tooth

135
Q

Pre-eruptive Functional Phase

A

Reduced enamel epithelium fuses with the epithelial layer

this will become junctional epithelium

136
Q

Gubernacular Cord

A

Pre-eruptive Functional Phase

  • Follicular cells develop a gubernacular cord directed toward the surface mucosa
  • guides tooth eruption
137
Q

How is the reduced enamel epithelium associated with the junctional epithelium?

A

Reduced Enamel Epithelium become Junctional Epithelium

138
Q

Primary teeth has __ teeth

139
Q

Eruption Sequence - Primary Dentition

140
Q

Eruption Sequence Permanent entition Upper arch

A

6 1 2 4 5 3 7

141
Q

Eruption Sequence Permanent dentition

lower arch

A

6 1 2 3 4 5 7

142
Q

Leeway space

A

Mixed dentition

Mesiodistal widths of the primary molars >

mesiodistal width of the permanent molars

Permanent molar can move mesially to close the space

143
Q

Leeway space and crowding

A

need to hold teeth back to create room for the primary teet

144
Q

Rule of four

A

(Primary teeth erupion sequence )

Eruption of four teeth every four months starting with fourth teeth at 7 months of age

Cellular Metabolism 1 (12 decks)

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