Skull And Its Landmarks Flashcards
What are the 2 sections of the skull?
Neurocranium - 8 cranial bones
Viscerocranium - 14 facial bones
What is the function of the neurocranium?
- Protection (of brain)
- Attachment sites for origin and insertion of muscles of facial expression and mastication
- Framework for cranial and orbital cavities
Where does the Broca’s area lie?
Left frontal lobe
What is Broca’s aphasia?
Damage to the Broca’s area causing difficultly moving tongue or facial muscles. The individual can still read and understand spoken language but has difficultly speaking and writing.
Where does the Wernicke’s area lie?
Left temporal lobe
What is Wernicke’s aphasia?
Damage to the Wernicke’s area causing individuals to speak in long sentences that have no meaning. They can make speech but have difficulties in understanding speech.
What is a cranial suture?
Specialised fibrous connective tissue that connect cranial bones
What are the 5 main cranial sutures?
Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoid
Squamosal
Metopic
Where is the coronal suture located?
Unites the frontal bone with the parietal bones (where the crown sits)
Where is the sagittal suture located?
On top of the skull and unites the left and right parietal bones in the midline
Where is the lambdoid suture located?
Back of skull and unites the left and right parietal bones with the occipital bones. (Upside down V shape)
Where is the squamosal suture located?
Side of skull and unites the squamous portion of the temporal bone with the parietal bones.
Where is the metopic suture located?
If present, it’s at the font of the skull and unites the two frontal bones.
What are the 8 cranial bones?
Sphenoid (1)
Temporal (2)
Ethmoid (1)
Parietal (2)
Occipital (1)
Frontal (1)
What type of bone is the frontal bone?
Flat bone
Functions of the frontal bone?
Provides structure to skull, eye orbits and upper face.
Protects frontal lobe
Aids in facial expressions (frontalis muscle attaches to frontal bone)
Where is the frontal bone located?
Front of cranium
What type of bone is the parietal bones?
Flat bone
Functions of parietal bones?
Provide structure and protection to cranial cavity
Protect parietal lobe
Where are the parietal bones located?
Superior and lateral walls of cranium
(Top of head)
What type of bone is the occipital bone?
Flat bone
What is the function of occipital bone?
Provides structure to the skill
Provides attachment for muscles
Protects occipital lobe
Forms the foramen magnum (opening that connects brain to spinal cord)
What’s the location of the occipital bone?
Back of skull
What type of bone is the temporal bones?
Irregular
What is the function of the temporal bone?
Provide structure to the skill and protection brain
The styloid process is an attachment point for muscles (tongue and larynx)
Contain middle and inner part of ear
Forms part of temporomandibular joint
Where is the temporal bone located?
Pairs of bones on side of head
What is the function of the viscerocranium?
Provides structure and support for soft tissues of the face and houses the teeth
What bone type is the ethmoid bone?
Unpaired, spongy and lightweight irregular bone
Where is the ethmoid bone located?
Situated in the paranasal sinuses, at the roof of the nasal cavity, between the eye sockets.
What does the ethmoid bone help form?
Nasal septum
Roof and lateral walls of nose
Mesial wall of orbital cavity
What are the four parts of the ethmoid bone?
Cribriform plate x1
Perpendicular plate x1
Ethmoid labyrinths x2
What is the cribriform plate?
Part of the ethmoid bone that forms the roof of the nasal cavity and is perforated by numerous olfactory fibres to allow nerves to pass through
What is the perpendicular plate?
Part of the ethmoid bone; thin, quadrilateral plate that forms the superior two thirds of the nasal septum, descends in the midline from the cribriform plate.
