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ODS > Muscles Of Mastication > Flashcards

Muscles Of Mastication Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles of mastication

A

Join to the mandible to allow for movement during chewing and grinding

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2
Q

5 main movements of mandible allowed by muscles of mastication

A

Forwards (protrusion)
Backwards (retraction)
Up/close (elevation)
Down/open (depression)
Side to side (rotation)

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3
Q

Muscles of mastication clinical relevance

A

Impact of inferior dental blocks (hematomia, trauma)
Pain during mastication
Trismus (difficultly opening)
Clenching and grinding (masseter pain)

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4
Q

Principle muscles of mastication

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid

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5
Q

2 parts of masseter

A

Superficial
Deep

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6
Q

Masseter

A

Thick quadrilateral muscle
Most powerful of muscles of mastication.

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7
Q

Origin and insertion of superficial part of masseter

A

Origin - anterior 2/3rds lower border of zygomatic arch.

Insertion - superficial surface of the ramus of mandible.

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8
Q

Origin and insertion of deep part of masseter

A

Origin - posterior 1/3rd of lower border of whole medial surface of zygomatic arch.

Insertion - ramus above angle of mandible (superior to superficial)

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9
Q

Action of masseter muscle

A

Fibres contract to close/elevate the mandible

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10
Q

Innervation and blood supply for masseter

A

Nerve - masseteric nerve (anterior division of mandibular nerve).

Blood - temporal and maxillary artery

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11
Q

What gland duct passes through masseter muscle

A

Parotid gland duct

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12
Q

Origin and insertion of temporalis

A

Fan shaped muscle of either side of head.

Origin - whole of temporal fossa, bound at top by inferior temporal line, converge and descend into tendon that passes through zygomatic arch.

Insertion - top and medial surface of coronoid process and ramus of mandible.

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13
Q

Action of temporalis muscle

A

Anterior fibres run vertically and elevate the mandible.
Posterior fibres run obliquely and horizontally to elevate the mandible and retract head of condyle back into glenoid fossa.

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14
Q

Nerve and blood supply of temporalis

A

Nerve - anterior division of mandibular nerve

Blood - superficial temporal and maxillary arteries

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15
Q

A short, thick muscle, triangular in shape and arises from 2 heads

A

Lateral pterygoid

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16
Q

Origin and insertion of upper head of lateral pterygoid muscle

A

Origin - infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid bone.

Insertion - pterygoid fovea on anterior of neck of mandible.
Some fibres may insert with TMJ structures.

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17
Q

Origin and insertion of lower head of lateral pterygoid

A

Origin - lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone.

Insertion - pterygoid fovea on anterior of neck of mandible.
Some fibres may insert with TMJ structures.

18
Q

Action of the lateral pterygoid muscles

A

Bilateral contraction - opens and protrudes the mouth.

When contract alternately - grinding side to side motion/rotation.

19
Q

Innervation and boood supply of lateral pterygoid

A

Innervation - mandibular branch
Blood supply - maxillary artery

20
Q

Origin and insertion of large deep head of medial pterygoid

A

Origin - medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid.

Insertion - fibres pass inferiorally, posteriorly and laterally to medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible.

21
Q

Origin and insertion of small superficial head of medial pterygoid muscle

A

Origin - tuberosity of maxilla and pyramidal process of palatine.

Insertion - fibres pass inferiorally, posteriorly and laterally to medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible.

22
Q

Action of medial pterygoid muscle

A

Elevates the mandible
Along with lateral pterygoid, protrudes the mandible.

23
Q

Nerve and blood supply of medial pterygoid muscle

A

Nerve - medial pterygoid branch of mandibular nerve.

Blood - pterygoid branches of maxillary artery.

24
Q

Accessory muscles of mastication

A

Digastric
Buccinator
Geniohyoid
Genioglossus

25
Q

Origin and insertion of anterior belly of digastric muscle

A

Origin - arises from digastric fossa on lower border of mandible.

Insertion - meet above hyoid bone at intermediate tendon, held with fibrous sling anchoring to body of hyoid bone.

26
Q

Origin and insertion of posterior belly of digastric muscle

A

Origin - digastric notch on mastoid process of temporal bone.

Insertion - meet above hyoid bone at intermediate tendon, held with fibrous sling anchoring to body of hyoid bone

27
Q

Action of digastric muscle

A

Depression of mandible
Elevate hyoid bone during chewing and swallowing

28
Q

Nerve and blood support of anterior belly of digastric muscle

A

Nerve - mylohyoid nerve
Blood - sub mental branch of facial artery

29
Q

Nerve and blood supply of posterior belly of digastric muscle

A

Nerve - digastric branch of facial nerve
Blood - posterior auricular/occipital artery

30
Q

Buccinator origin and insertion

A

Origin - Pterygomandibular raphae and buccal alveolar bone

Insertion - fibres run horizontally to orbicularis oris at corners of mouth

31
Q

What muscle forms the cheek

A

Buccinator

32
Q

Action of Buccinator

A

Pulls corners of mouth back
Compress cheek against buccal surface of molars
Regulates vestibular region with tongue; keeps food in line with occlusal surfaces of teeth during mastication

33
Q

Innervation and blood supply of Buccinator

A

Nerve - facial nerve, buccal branch
Blood - facial and maxillary arteries

34
Q

Geniohyoid

A

Narrow muscle situation above medial part of mylohyoid line

35
Q

Origin and insertion of geniohyoid

A

Origin - inferior genial tubercle

Insertion - fibres run inferiorly and posteriorly into body of hyoid bone.

36
Q

Action of geniohyoid

A

Aids in deglutition and opening of mouth, depresses mandible.

37
Q

Innervation and blood supply of geniohyoid muscle

A

Nerve - hypoglossal nerve
Blood supply- sublingual branch of lingual artery

38
Q

Genioglossus muscle origin and insertion

A

Origin - superior genial tubercle on inner surface of mandible.

Insertion - dorsum of tongue, large fan shape muscle.
Superior fibres pass superiority to tip of tongue.
Inferior fibres insert onto body of hyoid bone

39
Q

Action of Genioglossus

A

Depresses the tongue
Inferior fibres retract the tongue
Superior fibres protrude the tongue

40
Q

Innervation and blood supply of Genioglossus

A

Innervation - hypoglossal nerve

Blood supply - sublingual branch of lingual artery and sub mental branch of facial artery.

ODS (44 decks)

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