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ODS > Anatomy Of Salivary Glands > Flashcards

Anatomy Of Salivary Glands Flashcards

1
Q

3 major salivary glands

A

Bilateral pairs;
Parotid glands
Submandibular glands
Sublingual glands

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2
Q

When do the salivary glands form?

A

First 4-6 weeks of development

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3
Q

Position of the parotid glands

A

Below external auditory meatus (ear)
Between mastoid process and posterior border of ramus

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4
Q

Parotid gland saliva volume and constituency

A

25% total saliva volume
100% serous saliva

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5
Q

Parotid gland ducts

A

Stensens OR parotid duct
5cm long
Runs from; gland outside masseter muscle, parallel and 1cm below zygomatic arch
Opens buccally upper first molar regions

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6
Q

Parotid gland nerve innervation

A

Glossopharyngeal (autonomic)
Auriculotemporal (sensory)
Intimately associated with the Facial
nerve

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7
Q

Position of submandibular gland

A

Between body of mandible and mylohyoid muscle, in submandibular fossa

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8
Q

Submandibular gland saliva volume and composition

A

60-65% total saliva volume
Mixed serous and mucous saliva secretions

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9
Q

Submandibular gland duct

A

Wharton’s duct
5cm long
Opens under anterior part of tongue, lateral to lingual fraenum at sublingual caruncle

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10
Q

Submandibular gland nerve innervation

A

Chorda tympani (branches from facial nerve)
Lingual branch of the inferior dental nerve

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11
Q

Position of sublingual gland

A

Floor of mouth in the sublingual fossa

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12
Q

Sublingual gland saliva volume and composition

A

5-10% total saliva volume
60% mucous saliva

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13
Q

Sublingual gland duct

A

Bartholin’s duct
10-20 smaller ducts (Rivinus ducts) open along the sublingual fold

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14
Q

Sublingual gland nerve innervation

A

Chorda tympani (branches from facial nerve)
Lingual branch of the inferior dental nerve

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15
Q

What are the new discovery glands and where are they located

A

Tubarial glands
Located in nasopharynx

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16
Q

Saliva volume and composition of minor salivary glands

A

Less than 10% total saliva volume
Mixed saliva, mainly mucous
Produce lots of salivary proteins

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17
Q

How are the minor salivary glands named

A

According to location; Labial, buccal, palatine, lingual

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18
Q

Minor salivary glands nerve innervation

A

Parasympathetic innervation
Sympathetic innervation

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19
Q

Minor salivary gland ducts

A

Numerous small groups of secretory units opening via short ducts directly into the mouth.

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20
Q

What lines the ducts and protects the saliva?

A

Epithelium

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21
Q

What surrounds the epithelium, protecting and supporting the gland?

A

Connective tissue

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22
Q

2 types of connective tissue

A

Capsule - surrounds the outer portion of gland
Septum - divides inner portion of gland into lobes and lobules

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23
Q

What do the capsule and septum do?

A

Carry nerve and blood to supply the cells.

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24
Q

Adenomeres

A

Working part of salivary gland and surrounded by connective tissue

25
Q

What are within the adenomeres and what does their base rest against?

A

Secretory cells - acini
Their base rests against surrounding connective tissue

26
Q

2 classifications of acini

A

Mucous acini
Serous acini
(Or mixture of both)

27
Q

Functions of serous saliva

A

Lubricating food
Enzymic action begins digestion
Removing epithelial debris
Diluting food

28
Q

Serous secretory cells

A

Serous acini

29
Q

Mucous secretory cells

A

Mucous acini

30
Q

Which secretory cell has a wider lumen

A

Mucous acini

31
Q

Functions of mucous saliva

A

Binding food into a bolus
Protect the oral cavity against frictional abrasion
Lubrication

32
Q

What is formed in a mixed serous-mucous acini

A

Serous demilune around mucous secretory cells

33
Q

Myoepithelial Cells

A

Embrace the acini secretory cells, contracting and squeezing, forcing the saliva out of the lumen and into the ducts

34
Q

Acinar Fluid

A

Consists of;
Water
Inorganic Ions
Small molecules and products synthesised by cells (mucoproteins and amylase)

35
Q

What follows the secretory end piece

A

Ducts

36
Q

3 different types of duct

A

Intercalated
Striated
Excretory

37
Q

Structure of intercalated duct

A

Simple cuboidal epithelial cells

38
Q

Structure of striated ducts

A

Simple columnar epithelial cells with basal striations

39
Q

Which ducts aids in the modification of saliva

A

Striated duct

40
Q

What type duct does the saliva exit into the oral cavity

A

Excretory duct (terminal)

41
Q

Structure of excretory duct

A

Lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium, then changes to stratified cuboidal and finally stratified squamous epithelium at its opening.

42
Q

Blood supply

A

Supplied by external carotid artery and facial lingual artery.
Vessels and nerves enter at hilum.
2 capillary networks; one for secretory end piece and one for ducts.

43
Q

Control of salivation

A

Salivary nuclei in brain are stimulated by taste, smell, thoughts.
Triggers neurotransmitter release from nerve endings of salivary glands.

44
Q

What can cause obstruction

A

Caniculi - calcium deposits in ducts, common in submandibular and can lead to infection.

Cysts - trauma to salivary gland causing accumulation of saliva in surrounding tissue.

45
Q

2 types of cysts

A

Mucocele - minor glands
Ranula - major glands in the floor of the mouth (could be submandibular or sublingual)

46
Q

What causes hyposalivation

A

Medications or tablets
Radiotherapy
Autoimmune diseases
Diabetes
Salivary stones (can cause severe pain when eating)

47
Q

What can irradiation of head and neck cause

A

Destroys secretory cells (atrophy) and leads to xerosomia

48
Q

Causes of xerostomia

A

Emotional disturbances - anxiety
Mouth breathing
Smoking
Drugs
Talking for long periods
Medical condition/medication

49
Q

Caniculi

A
  • Calcium deposit formation in salivary duct.
  • Common in submandibular.
  • Can lead to; infection, inflammation, blocked duct/gland.
50
Q

Mucocele

A

Trauma to minor salivary glands causing accumulation of saliva and surrounding tissue; cyst.

51
Q

Clinical appearance of Mucocele

A

Moveable
Painless
Soft round dome
Pearly/semi clear or blueish

52
Q

Ranula

A

Trauma to major salivary glands on floor of mouth, balloon of saliva; cyst.
Can lead to obstruction of the gland/duct.

53
Q

Acute viral infection causing inflammation and painful swelling of the parotid glands

A

Mumps

54
Q

Inflammation of minor salivary glands on palate in response to heat from tobacco

A

Nicotine stomatitis

55
Q

Painless bilateral swelling of parotid glands not caused by inflammation or infection

A

Sialosis

56
Q

Neoplasms

A

Tumours
(Benign or malignant)

57
Q

Oral symptoms of Sjögren’s syndrome

A
  • mild erythema and thinning of mucosa.
  • erythema, fissuring, coating and depapillation of dorsum of tongue.
  • traumatic erosions and lesions; ulcers, angular chelitis.
  • thickened saliva
58
Q

What saliva is viscous mucin rich?

A

Mucous saliva

59
Q

What saliva is watery?

A

Serous saliva

ODS (44 decks)

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