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ODS > Saliva > Flashcards

Saliva Flashcards

1
Q

What much saliva do we produce day and night

A

1-1.5 litres during day
10ml at night

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2
Q

Composition of saliva

A

Water 99%
Organic and inorganic substance 1%

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3
Q

Why is whole/mixed saliva found in oral cavity different to pure saliva produced in the glands

A

Gingival crevicular fluid secreted from inflamed gingival pockets is part of whole saliva when periodontal disease is present.
Along with food, epithelial cells and bacteria.

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4
Q

What is the resting range pH of saliva

A

6.7-7.4

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5
Q

What can vary the pH of saliva

A

Time of day
What has been eaten

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6
Q

Those with a lower pH tend to…

A

Get more caries

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7
Q

Those with a higher pH tend to…

A

Produce more calculus

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8
Q

What are the main organic components found in saliva

A
  • Proteins; mucin and enzymes
  • Immunoglobulins
  • Waste products
  • Cells
  • Food debris
  • Hormones
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9
Q

What properties do many proteins in the saliva possess?

A

Antibacterial

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10
Q

Agglutination

A

Immunoglobulins aid in disposal of bacteria by clumping them together and making them unable to cling to oral cavity surfaces.
Works with serous saliva.

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11
Q

What component gives saliva a sticky/viscous consistency?

A

Mucin

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12
Q

2 types of mucin proteins

A

Muco-proteins
Glyco-proteins

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13
Q

By products of cell metabolism found in saliva

A

Urea; can neutralise acid
Uric acid
Ammonia; raises pH

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14
Q

What cell products are found in saliva

A

Worn out/dead epithelial cells
White blood cells (leukocytes in gingival crevicular fluid)
Commensal bacterial cells (do not harm human health)

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15
Q

What hormones are present in saliva?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

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16
Q

Main inorganic components found in saliva

A

Ions (mineral salts)
Gas

17
Q

Main function of ions in saliva

A

Buffering effect to try maintain neutral pH levels

18
Q

What ion plays a major role in caries and calculus formation

A

Calcium phosphate

19
Q

Gas components found in saliva

A

Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide

20
Q

Main functions of saliva

A

Protection
Buffering
Digestion
Taste
Antimicrobial
Tooth integrity

21
Q

How does saliva protect

A

Glyco proteins lubricate soft tissues this helps to;
- protect from abrasion
- aid speech
- maintain healthy mucosa
- cleansing effect
- form salivary pellicle

22
Q

What proteins aids with the breakdown of food and forming bolus

A

Salivary amylase

23
Q

How does saliva impact taste

A

Taste sensation can only be detected when substances are in a solution

24
Q

What are patients with xerostomia at increased risk of?

A

Deposition of plaque
Caries
Periodontal disease

25
Q

How does saliva aid with tooth integrity

A

Ions in saliva act as a fluoride reservoir and aid in maturation of enamel in newly erupted teeth and repair from acid attacks.

26
Q

Main ways saliva protects against caries?

A
  • first layer of salivary pellicle protects against acid
  • inorganic ions buffering pH to help maintain neutral
  • serous saliva and its cleansing effect
27
Q

Ionic see-saw

A

Although the saliva buffering system can reduce extent of pH fall, during prolonged sugar attacks in the mouth this can exhaust the buffering system to contain ion removal.

28
Q

What stimulates salivation

A

Sensory inputs;
Sight
Smell
Taste

29
Q

What nerves supply the saliva glands and control salivation

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

30
Q

Role of sympathetic stimulation in salivation

A

Reduces saliva flow due to vasoconstriction.
(Stressful situations)

31
Q

Role of parasympathetic stimulation during salivation

A

Increases salivary flow due to vasodilation.
(Relaxed)

32
Q

Factors that may cause increase saliva flow

A

Mastication
Gingival conditions
Hunger
Smell/sight of food
Teething in babies

33
Q

Factors that may decrease saliva flow

A

Diabetes
Alcohol
Drugs
Fear
Radiotherapy
Surgery

34
Q

Medical conditions that can impact saliva flow

A

Parkinson’s
Diabetes
HIV/AIDS
Sjögren’s syndrome
Radiation/chemotherapy
Saliva gland disorders

ODS (44 decks)

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