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Neuro Exam 1 > Skull > Flashcards

Skull Flashcards

1
Q
  • What are the 8 cranial bones?
A
  • Parietal
  • Temporal
  • Frontal
  • Occipital
  • Sphenoid
  • Ethmoid
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2
Q
  • What are the paried cranial bones?
A
  • Parietal
  • Temporal
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3
Q
  • What are the unpaired cranial bones?
A
  • Frontal
  • Occipital
  • Sphenoid
  • Ethmoid
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4
Q
  • What are the 14 facial bones?
A
  • Zygomatic
  • Lacrimal
  • Nasal
  • Palatine
  • Maxillae
  • Inferior nasal conchae
  • Vomer
  • Mandible
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5
Q
  • What are the paried facial bones?
A
  • Zygomatic
  • Lacrimal
  • Nasal
  • Palatine
  • Maxillae
  • Inferior nasal conchae
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6
Q
  • What are the unpaired facial bones?
A
  • Vomer
  • Mandible
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7
Q
A
  1. Frontal bone
  2. Parietal bone
  3. Occipital bone
  4. Temporal bone
  5. Sphenoid bone
  6. Ethmoid bone
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8
Q
  • What cranial bone is shown here?
  • Identify the parts
A
  • Frontal bone
  1. Coronal suture (where frontal bone meets parietal)
  2. Frontal squama
  3. Glabella
  4. Superciliary arch
  5. Supraorbital margin
  6. Supraorbital foramen (notch)
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9
Q
  • What structure passes through the supraorbital foramen?
A
  • Terminal branch of V1 (Opthalmic Branch of the Trigeminal N (CN V)
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10
Q
  • What is a metopic suture?
A
  • Failure of the frontal bones to fuse after birth
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11
Q
A
  1. Falx cerebri
  2. Tentorium cerebelli
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12
Q
  • What cranial bone is shown below?
  • Is it paired or unpaired?
  • Identify the components
A
  • Parietal bone
  • Paired
  1. Saggital suture (where the paired parietal bones meet)
  2. Parietal foramen
  3. Superior temporal line
  4. Lambdoid suture (where parietal bones meet occipital bone)
  5. Inferior temporal line
  6. Coronal suture (where parietal bone meets frontal bone)
  7. Squamosal suture
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13
Q
  • Bone Flaps
A
  • Periosteum has poor osteogenic properties
  • Bone wired or plated while healing
  • Healing is best when flap incorporates overlying tissues (skin, muscle, fascia)
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14
Q
  • Coronal suture connects what two cranial bones
A
  • Frontal and both parietal bones
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15
Q
  • Sagittal suture connects what two cranial bones?
A
  • Connects both parietal bones to one another
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16
Q
  • Lambdoid sutures connect what cranial bones?
A
  • Parietal and occipital bones
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17
Q
  • Squamous sutures connect what cranial bones?
A
  • Temporal and parietal
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18
Q
  • Is the temporal bone paired or unpaired?
  • Identify components of the exterior temporal bone
A
  • Paired
  1. Tympanic portion
  2. External Acoustic Meatus
  3. Mastoid Process
  4. Styloid Process
  5. Mandibular Fossa
  6. Zygomatic Process
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19
Q
  • Identify the components of the interior temporal bone
A
  1. Petrous portion
  2. Internal acoustic meatus
  3. Groove for sigmoid sinus
20
Q
  • Is the following cranial bone paired or unpaired?
  • Identify the components
A
  • Unpaired
  1. External occipital protuberance
  2. Basilar portion
  3. Occipital condyles
  4. Foramen magnum
  5. Inferior nuchal line
  6. Superior nuchal line
21
Q
  • Identify the components of the internal view of the occipital bone
A
  1. Hypoglossal canal (where hypoglossal n. passes thru)
  2. Jugular notch
  3. Groove for sigmoid sinus
  4. Groove for transverse sinus
  5. Groove for superior sagittal sinus
  6. Venous drainage for the brain
22
Q
  • What is this bone?
  • Is it paired or unpaired?
  • Identify the components
A
  • Sphenoid (superior view)
  • Unpaired
  1. Anterior clinoid process
  2. Greater wing
  3. Foramen rotundum
  4. Tuberculum sellae
  5. Foramen ovale
  6. Foramen spinosum
  7. Optic canal
  8. Posterior clinoid process
  9. Lesser wing
  10. Optic groove
  11. Sella turcica (hypophyseal fossa)
  12. Dorsum sellae
23
Q

What structure sits in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone?

A
  • Pituitary gland
24
Q
  • What is the significant of the foramen rotundum?
A
  • Exit point for the maxillary branch of the trigeminal n (V2)
25
Q
  • What is the significance of the foramen ovale on the sphenoid bone?
A
  • Exit point for the mandibular branch of the trigeminal (V3)
26
Q
  • What is the significance of the foramen spinosum of the sphenoid bone?
A
  • Exit point for the middle meningeal artery
27
Q
  • Identify the portions of the sphenoid bone from posterior view
A
  1. Lesser wing
  2. Greater wing
  3. Body
  4. Lateral pterygoid plate
  5. Medial pterygoid plate
28
Q
  • What structure of the sphenoid bone is indicated by the pink arrow
A
  • Superior orbital fissure

The nerves passing through the fissure can be remembered with the mnemonic, “Live Frankly To See Absolutely No Insult” - for Lacrimal and Frontal divisions of the ophthalmic nerve (V1), Trochlear nerve (IV), Superior division of the oculomotor nerve (III), Abducens nerve (VI), Nasociliary branch of the ophthalmic nerve (V1) and Inferior Division of the oculomotor nerve (III).

29
Q
  • Spenoid bone
    • Unites the _ and _ bones
    • Articulates with almost every bone in the skull
    • Contains _
A
  • Cranial and facial bones
  • Sphenoid sinuses
30
Q
  • What bone is shown in the following image?
  • Is it paired or unpaired?
  • Identify its components
A
  • Ethmoid
  • Unpaired
  1. Crista galli
  2. Cribiform foramina in cribiform plate
  3. Perpendicular plater
  4. Ethmoidal sinuses
  5. Orbital plate
31
Q
  • The crista galli of the ethmoid bone serves as an attachment point for _
A
  • Falx cerebri
32
Q
  • The orbital plate forms _ wall of the orbit
  • The perpendicular plate forms the _ of nasal septum
  • Ethmoidal labyrinth includes _ and _
A
  • Medial
  • Superior portion
  • Superior nasal conchae and middle nasal conchae
33
Q
  • Identify the cranial fossae
A
  1. Anterior cranial fossa
  2. Middle cranial fossa
  3. Posterior cranial fossa
34
Q
  • What is the function of the facial bones
A
  • Shape, contour and individuality to the face
  • Important structural component of orbit and nasal cavities
  • Anchor site for teeth of upper and lower jaw
35
Q
  • What is the bone shown?
A
  • Zygomatic bone
  1. Temporal process
  2. Frontal process
  3. Maxillary process

Orbital surface between frontal process and maxillary process forms the lateral wall of the orbit

36
Q
  • The lacrimal bone forms part of the _ wall of each orbit
  • Lacrimal groove is the passageway of the _
  • The nasal bones are _ (paired or unpaired) and form the bridge of the nose
A
  • Medial
  • Nasolacrimal duct
  • Paired
37
Q
  • What bone is depicted in the following image?
  • Is it paired or unpaired?
  • Identify its components
A
  • Vomer
  • Unpaired bone-makes up lower portion of nasal septum
  1. Ala
    1. Articulates with sphenoid
  2. Vertical plate
    1. Forms inferior portion of nasal septum
38
Q
  • What bone is depicted in the following image?
A
  • Palatine bone
  • Orbital process-part of medial floor of orbit
  • Perpendicular plate-lateral wall of nasal cavity
  • Horizontal plate-posterior portion of hard palate
39
Q

Cleft palate

A

Cleft lip and cleft palate are openings or splits in the upper lip, the roof of the mouth (palate) or both. Cleft lip and cleft palate result when facial structures that are developing in an unborn baby don’t close completely.

40
Q
  • Is this bone paired or unpaired?
  • Identify its components and their functions
A
  • Paired
  1. Incisive foramen-separates hard palate from anterior nasal spine
  2. Maxillary sinus-largest paranasal sinus in the skull
  3. Palatine process-posterior portion of the hard palate
  4. Alveolar process-hold teeth of upper jaw
41
Q
  • Identify the components of the maxilla from a lateral view
A
  1. Infraorbital foramen
  2. Zygomatic process
42
Q
  • What are the three primary types of maxillary fractures? Describe each
A
  • Le Fort I
    • (horizontal), otherwise known as a floating palate, may result from a force of injury directed low on the maxillary alveolar rim, or upper dental row, in a downward direction. The essential component of these fractures, in addition to pterygoid plate involvement, is involvement of the lateral bony margin of the nasal opening
  • Le Fort II
    • may result from a blow to the lower or mid maxillary area. In addition to pterygoid plate disruption, their distinguishing component is involvement of inferior orbital rim. When viewed from the front, the fracture is classically shaped like a pyramid. It extends from the nasal bridge at or below the nasofrontal suture through the superior medial wall of the maxilla, inferolaterally through the lacrimal bones which contain the tear ducts, and inferior orbital floor through or near the infraorbital foramen.
  • Le Fort III
    • otherwise known as craniofacial dissociation, may follow impact to the nasal bridge or upper maxilla. The salient feature of these fractures, beyond pterygoid plate involvement, is that they invariably involve the zygomatic arch, or cheek bone. These fractures begin at the nasofrontal and frontomaxillary sutures and extend posteriorly along the medial wall of the orbit, through the nasolacrimal groove and ethmoid air cells.
43
Q
  • Nasal Complex
A
44
Q
  • How many bones make up the orbit?
  • Which bones comprise the medial wall?
  • Which bones comprise the roof?
  • Which bones comprise the lateral wall?
A
  • 7
  • Medial wall
    • Frontal process of maxilla
    • Lacrimal bone
    • Lateral mass of ethmoid bone
  • Roof
    • Lesser wing of sphenoid bone
    • Frontal bone
  • Lateral wall
    • Zygomatic process of frontal bone
    • Greater wing of sphenoid bone
    • Orbital surface of zygomatic bone
45
Q
  • What are the four paranasal sinuses?
A
  • Frontal
  • Sphenoid
  • Ethmoid
  • Maxillary
46
Q
  • Identify the components of the fetal skull
A

Neuro Exam 1 (14 decks)

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