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Neuro Exam 1 > Eye Development > Flashcards

Eye Development Flashcards

1
Q
  • What week do the eyes start to develop?
A
  • Wk 4-8
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2
Q
  • What are the three embryonic sources that help form the eye?
A
  • Neuroectoderm
  • Surface Ectoderm
  • Mesoderm/Neural Crest
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3
Q
  • What is the origin of the eye?
A
  • Diencephalon
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4
Q
  • What artery travels through the optic fissure
A
  • Hyaloid a
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5
Q
  • Neuroectoderm helps form what structures of the eye
A
  • Iris
    • Neural retina-inner layer of optic cup
    • Pigmented retina- outer layer of optic cup
  • Retina
    • Epithelium-neuroectoderm
    • SMC
  • Ciliary body
    • Epithelium
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6
Q
  • The rim of the optic cup helps form the _ and _
A
  • Iris
  • Ciliary Body
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7
Q
  • What muscles are the only muscles in the body that are coming from neuroectoderm?
A
  • Dilator pupillae .
  • Constrictor pupillae
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8
Q
  • The ciliary m is derived from which embryological germ layer
A
  • Mesoderm and NCCs
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9
Q
  • Detachment of the Retina
A
  • Separation of the pigmented and neural retina
  • Can be congenital (Downs or Marfans)
  • Can be d/t trauma to the orbit
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10
Q
  • Aniridia
A
  • Lack of iris tissue
  • Results from arrest of development at rim of the optic cup during week 9
  • May be associated with:
    • Glaucoma
    • Cataracts
    • Other Eye Abnormalities
  • Pax 6 gene mutations (Also remember that this gene aids in the development of the cochlea)
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11
Q
  • How is the lens formed?
A
  • Induced by optic cup touching surface ectoderm
  • Leads to cell cell interactions that turn on a new set of genes in the surface ectoderm
  • Lens placode forms
  • Lens placode thickens and invaginated into the optic cup to form the lens pit
  • Lens pit loses attachment with surface ectoderm to becomes lens vesicle
  • Surface ectoderm left over becomes the epithelium of the cornea
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12
Q
  • What are the various parts of the lens and what type of epithelium are they made of
A
  • Anterior lens epithelium-cuboidal epithelium
  • Primary lens fibers-tall, columnar (becomne transparent as the nuclei degenerate)
  • Secondary lens fibers-cuboidal
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13
Q
  • What forms the epithelium of the cornea
  • What forms the stroma of the cornea
A
  • Surface ectoderm remaining after lens pit detaches from it
  • NCCs
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14
Q
  • Congenital Cataracts
A
  • Lens . is opaque and frequently appears grayish white
  • Causes:
    • Genetics
    • Rubella
      • ​Lens is esp vulnerable between 4-7 weeks
    • Radiation
    • Enzyme Deficiency
      • Congenital galactosemia
        • Appears 2-3 weeks after birth
        • Galactose from milk accumulates in blood and tissues
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15
Q
  • What structures do the mesenchyme/neural crest cells help form in the eye?
A
  • Sclera
    • Outer layer
    • Fibrous
    • Stroma of cornea
  • Choroid
    • Inner layer
    • Vascular layer (mesoderm)
  • Pupillary membrane (covers lens temporarily)
    • Transient structure (Wk 26)
    • Part of sclera
  • Ciliary body
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16
Q
  • The anterior chamber of the eye is from the _ to _ and contains _ humor
  • This is absorbed by the scleral venous sinus (which is made from what embryological germ layer)
A
  • Cornea to iris, aqueous
  • NCCs
17
Q
  • The posterior chamber of the eye extends from the _ to _ and contains _ humor
  • This humor is made by ciliary epithelium which is a derivative of what embryological germ layer?
A

Iris to retina

Neuroectoderm makes up ciliary epithelium

18
Q
  • Congenital Glaucoma
A
  • Elevated intraocular pressure
  • Results from abnormal development of the drainage mechanism of the aqueous humor (scleral venous sinus)
  • Causes:
    • Genetics
    • Mutations in CYP1B1
    • Rubella infection
19
Q
  • The extra-ocular muscles are derivatives of _
A
  • Prechordal mesenchyme
20
Q
  • Blood supply to the eye comes from what embryological germ layer
  • What are the two main blood supplies to the eye and what areas do they supply?
  • What arteries do they supply?
A
  • Mesoderm
  • Hyaloid a.
    • Branch off of opthalmic a.
    • Supplies inner . layer of optic cup, lens vesicle, mesenchyme in optic cup
    • Becomes the central artery of the retina (distal portion will degenerate)
    • Aq humor supplies lens after this degenerates
  • Choroidal vessels-come from ciliary a.
    • Develop during 15th week
21
Q
  • What is shown in the following image?
A
  • Persistence of the hyaloid a.
  • Distal part should normally degenerate
  • In most cases, the eye is microphthalamic
22
Q
  • Optic nerve
    • Two layers of neuroblasts contain _ and _
    • Fibrous layer contains _
A
  • Rods and cones, ganglion cells
  • Axons forming the optic n.
23
Q
  • What serves as the TEMPLATE for optic n but DOES NOT BECOME THE OPTIC N
A
  • Optic stalk
24
Q
  • How does the optic n form?
A
  • Fibers grow thru inner part of optic stalk
    • Cavity becomes obliterated
    • Hyaloid artery incorporated
25
Q
  • Papilledema
A
  • Increased intracranial pressure-slows venous return from retina
  • Leads to fluid accumulation in the optic disc
  • Edema occurs b/c the retinal vessels are covered by the meninges and lie imn the extension of the subarachnoid space
26
Q
  • Coloboma
A
  • Results when : Optic fissure fails to close completely; leaving a gap in the eye structure
  • Causes:
    • ​Environmental factors
    • Autosomal dominant characteristic
27
Q
  • The retina is derived from
A
  • Neuroectoderm
28
Q
  • The lens is derived from
A
  • Surface ectoderm
29
Q
  • The sclera is derived from
A
  • Mesencyhme
30
Q
  • The stroma of the cornea is derived from
A
  • Mesenchyme
31
Q
  • The epithelium of the cornea is derived from
A
  • Surface ectoderm
32
Q
  • The choroid is derived from
A
  • Mesenchyme
33
Q
  • The smooth muscle and pigmented epithelium of the iris comes from
A
  • Neural ectoderm (optic cup)
34
Q
  • The stroma of the iris comes from
A
  • Mesenchyme
35
Q
  • The epithelium of the ciliary body comes from
A
  • neural ectoderm (optic cup)
36
Q
  • The stroma, ciliary muscle of the ciliary body comes from
A
  • Mesenchyme

Neuro Exam 1 (14 decks)

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