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Neuro Exam 1 > Anatomy of the Ear > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Ear Flashcards

1
Q
  • What are the parts of the auricle ?
  • What is the blood supply/innervation to the auricle?
A
  • Auricle components
    • Helix
    • Antihelix
    • Tragus
    • Antitragus
    • Lobule
    • Concha
  • Blood Supply
    • Posterior auricular and superficial temporal as
  • Nerve supply
    • Greater auricular n
    • Auriculotemporal n
    • Vagus n (CN X)
    • Facial N (CN VII)
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2
Q
  • Where do auricular hematomas occur?
A
  • Between perichondrium and cartilage
  • Can stimulate abnormal collagen growth and lead to Cauliflower ear if left untreated
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3
Q
  • The external acoustic meatus extends from _ of the auricle to the _ membrane
  • Lateral 1/3 is made of _
  • Medial 2/3 is made of _
  • A child’s external aucostic meatus is _ than an adults
  • Lateral 1/3 is _ shaped (pulled superiorly, posteriorly and laterally during otoscopic exam)
A
  • Concha to tympanic membrane
  • Cartilage
  • Bone
  • Shorter
  • S shaped
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4
Q
  • Otitis externa
A
  • Infection of external acoustic meatus
  • Risk factors:
    • Excessive moisture
    • Trauma
    • Devices that occlude ear canal
    • Dermatologic conditions
    • Prior radiation therapy
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5
Q
  • When performing an otoscopic examination of the ear, the reflected cone of light is always _ and _ in relation to the rest of the tympanic membrane
A
  • Anterior and inferior
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6
Q
  • The most vascular portion of the tympanic membrane is the _ aspect
A
  • Superior
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7
Q
  • Epitympanic recess
A
  • Where malleus and incus heads are located (protected by bone)
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8
Q
  • Otitis media
A
  • Inflammation of the middle ear
  • Inflammation and swelling of mucous membrane of tympanic cavity may block pharyngotympanic tube (aka Eustachian tube)
  • Tympanic membrane is red and bulges
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9
Q

Effusion means _

A
  • Full of fluid
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10
Q
  • Tympanostomy tube placement
A
  1. Maringotomy-incision to open TM (usually done on posterior-inferior aspect of TM-less vascular)
  2. After maringotomy, drain fluid
  3. Then can perform tympanostomy-place tube in incision from maringotomy (tubes can fall out or be taken out at later time)
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11
Q
  • What makes up the roof of the middle ear cavity?
  • The roof separates the middle ear from what?
A
  • Tegmen tympani (bone)
  • Middle cranial fossa
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12
Q
  • What makes up the floor of the middle ear cavity?
  • This separates the middle ear from?
A
  • Jugular wall/Bone
  • Bulb of the internal jugular v
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13
Q
  • What makes up the lateral/membranous wall of the middle ear cavity?
  • This separates the middle ear from what?
A
  • Tympanic membrane
  • External ear
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14
Q
  • What makes up the medial/labyrinthine wall of the middle ear cavity?
  • This separates the middle ear from what?
A
  • Promontory (from cochlea), oval window, round window. prominence of facial canal
  • Inner ear
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15
Q
  • What makes up the posterior/mastoid wall of the middle ear cavity?
  • This separates the middle ear from what?
A
  • Aditus to mastoid antrum, canal for facial n
  • Separates tympanic cavity from mastoid air cells and facial canal
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16
Q
  • What makes up the anterior/carotid wall of the middle ear cavity?
  • Separates tympanic cavity from what?
A
  • Opening of pharyngotympanic tube and canal for tensor tympani
  • Internal carotid a.
17
Q
  • What are the contents of the middle ear?
A
  • Ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes)
  • Stapedius and tensor tympani muscles
  • Chorda tympani n
  • Tympanic plexes
18
Q
  • Parts of the malleus
A
  • Head
    • Epitympanic recess
    • Articulates with incus
  • Neck
    • Lies against flaccid part of the tympanic membrane
    • Chorda tympani crosses medial surface
  • Handle
    • Embedded in tympanic membrane
    • Tip at the umbo
    • Insertion of tensor tympani m.
19
Q
  • Parts of the incus
A
  • Head
    • In the epitympanic recess
    • Articulates with malleus
  • Long limb
    • Articulates with stapes
  • Short limb
20
Q
  • Parts of the stapes
A
  • Head
    • Articulates with incus
  • Neck
    • Insertion for stapedius m
  • Base
    • Inserts into oval window
  • Two limbs
21
Q
  • What are the two important muscles to consider when discussing the anatomy of the ear
A
  • Tensor tympani m.
  • Stapedius m.
22
Q
  • Tensor tympani m.
A
  • CN V (V3-Trigeminal N)
  • Action: Prevents damage from loud sounds
  • Pulls malleus medially, resulting in tensing of the tympanic membrane
  • Inserts on handle of malleus
23
Q
  • Stapedius m.
A
  • Innervated by CN VII (Facial n.)
  • Inserts onto neck of stapes
  • Pulls stapes posteriorly and tilts its base in the oval window
  • Prevents damage from loud sounds
24
Q
  • What are the important nerves to consider when studying ear anatomy?
A
  • Chorda tympani
  • Tympanic n
25
Q
  • Chorda tympani
A
  • Branch of CN VII (Facial N)
  • Carries parasympathetic fibers
  • Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
26
Q

Tympanic N

A
  • Branch of glossopharyngeal n (CN IX)
  • Gives rise to the tympanic plexus-which gives rise to lesser petrosal n (parasympathetics)
27
Q
  • Nerve summary
A
28
Q
  • Describe parasympathetic (GVE) innervation to submandibular and sublingual glands
A
  1. Chorda tymani branch arises from CNVII superior to stylomastoid foramen
  2. Chorda tympani crosses tympanic cavity medial to handle of malleus
  3. Chorda tympani passes through the petrotympanic fissure between tympanic and petrous part of temporal bone to join LINGUAL N (CN V3) in infratemporal fossa
  4. Parasympathetic fibers of chorda tympani synapse in SUBMANDIBULAR galgnion (postsynaptic fibers follow arteries to glands)
29
Q
  • Describe parasympathetic GVE innervation to the parotid gland
A
  1. Tympanic nerve arises from CN IX (Glossopharyngeal n) and emerges with it from jugular foramen
  2. Tympanic n enters middle ear via tympanic canaliculus in petrous part of the temporal bone
  3. Tympanic n forms tympanic plexus on promontory of the middle ear
  4. Lesser petrosal n arises as branch from tampanic plexus
  5. Lesser petrosal n penetrates roof of tympanic cavity to enter middle cranial fossa
  6. Lesser petrosal n leaves cranium through foramen ovale
  7. Parasympathetic fibers synapse in otic ganglion
  8. Postsynaptic fibers pass to parotid gland via branches of the auricolotemporal n.
30
Q
  • Bony labyrinth
A
  • Series of fluid filled cavities in petrous part of temporal bone
    • Cochlea
      • Large basal turn produces promontory of middle ear
    • Vestibule
    • Semicircular canals
  • Filled with perilymph
31
Q
  • Membranous labyrinth
A
  • Series of communicating sacs and ducts that are suspended in the bony labyrinth
    • Vestibular labyrinth
      • Utricle
      • Saccule
    • Semicircular ducts
    • Cochlear labyrinth
      • Cochlear duct
  • FILLED WITH ENDOLYMPH
32
Q
  • Identify the components of the membranous labirynth
  • What type of lymph is present?
  • Which cranial nerve innervates these structures?
A
  1. Scala vestibuli-perilymph (above vestibular membrane)
  2. Cochlear duct (endolymph)
  3. Scala tympani-perilymph (above vestibular membrane)

CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear n.)

33
Q

The spiral ganglion of the cochlea contain the cell bodies of _

A
  • CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear n.)

Neuro Exam 1 (14 decks)

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